Paper: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Various products made from paper.JPG|thumb|250px|Various paper products: a book, toilet paper, ruled paper, carton, and an egg box.]] | [[File:Various products made from paper.JPG|thumb|250px|Various paper products: a book, toilet paper, ruled paper, carton, and an egg box.]] | ||
'''Paper''' is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose | '''Paper''' is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibers derived from [[wood]], rags, [[grasses]] or other vegetable sources in [[water]], draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fiber evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, since the early 19th century it has primarily been made using machinery. The first device for mass producing paper was the Fourdrinier machine. | ||
It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, painting, graphics, signage, design, packaging, decorating, writing, and cleaning. It may also be used as filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, or currency and security paper, or in a number of industrial and construction processes. Overall paper is a massive invention for mankind. | |||
== Production == | |||
In the industrial process of creating paper, materials containing cellulose such as wood and plants, are stripped of bark, turned into pulp and washed from any contaminants. Then the pulp is "cooked" in a industrial container to liquify any remaining lignin, leaving a almost white cellulose powder, which is further refined to white, rolled into sheets and cut to size. | |||
=== Historical production === | |||
The first production of paper that is most similar to todays process was made in China. A pulp mix of textile and plant material and or bamboo would be made, cleaned and put into a "tub" filled with water, into which two or one wooden frames with a mesh covering one would be sunk into, filled with the pulp and raised above as for the water to fall back into the tub and the pulp would be left on the mesh, then either squeezed from excess water and set to dry, or directly put under the sun. | |||
=== Early Industrial Papermaking === | |||
[[File:Fourdrinier machine model.jpg|thumb|Model of a [[Henry Fourdrinier|Fourdrinier]] continuous paper making machine at [[Frogmore Paper Mill]]]] | |||
The first industrial papermaking machine was invented by French Sergeant-Major Nicholas-Louis Robert, and patented in 1799. The design created a continuous roll of paper that could be later cut into the desired size, rather than forming the sheets individually. This design was later refined into the first "Fourdrinier" Machines. <ref>https://paper.gatech.edu/advent-paper-machine</ref> | |||
The Fourdrinier Machine is a paper making machine with a moving belt made of a fine metal mesh. A slurry of pulp and water is deposited on the mesh, which is then moved with the belt along rollers and suction boxes, until the remaining pulp is removed from the belt. <ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/fourdrinier</ref> | |||
===Modern Industrial Papermaking === | |||
While improvements to the paper-making process have since been made, modern paper-making machines still use the same basic mechanisms and principles, and are still commonly referred to as "Fourdrinier Machines". | |||
== Recycling == | |||
The industrial process of recycling paper is done by separating different types of paper, pulping the used paper, washing and rolling into sheets. | |||
== Dependencies == | == Dependencies == | ||
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* [[Fiberglass]] | * [[Fiberglass]] | ||
* [[Glass]] | * [[Glass]] | ||
* [[Ink]] | |||
* [[Plastic]] | * [[Plastic]] | ||
* [[Sandpaper]] | * [[Sandpaper]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:52, 2 June 2025
Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibers derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fiber evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, since the early 19th century it has primarily been made using machinery. The first device for mass producing paper was the Fourdrinier machine.
It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, painting, graphics, signage, design, packaging, decorating, writing, and cleaning. It may also be used as filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, or currency and security paper, or in a number of industrial and construction processes. Overall paper is a massive invention for mankind.
Production
In the industrial process of creating paper, materials containing cellulose such as wood and plants, are stripped of bark, turned into pulp and washed from any contaminants. Then the pulp is "cooked" in a industrial container to liquify any remaining lignin, leaving a almost white cellulose powder, which is further refined to white, rolled into sheets and cut to size.
Historical production
The first production of paper that is most similar to todays process was made in China. A pulp mix of textile and plant material and or bamboo would be made, cleaned and put into a "tub" filled with water, into which two or one wooden frames with a mesh covering one would be sunk into, filled with the pulp and raised above as for the water to fall back into the tub and the pulp would be left on the mesh, then either squeezed from excess water and set to dry, or directly put under the sun.
Early Industrial Papermaking
The first industrial papermaking machine was invented by French Sergeant-Major Nicholas-Louis Robert, and patented in 1799. The design created a continuous roll of paper that could be later cut into the desired size, rather than forming the sheets individually. This design was later refined into the first "Fourdrinier" Machines. [1]
The Fourdrinier Machine is a paper making machine with a moving belt made of a fine metal mesh. A slurry of pulp and water is deposited on the mesh, which is then moved with the belt along rollers and suction boxes, until the remaining pulp is removed from the belt. [2]
Modern Industrial Papermaking
While improvements to the paper-making process have since been made, modern paper-making machines still use the same basic mechanisms and principles, and are still commonly referred to as "Fourdrinier Machines".
Recycling
The industrial process of recycling paper is done by separating different types of paper, pulping the used paper, washing and rolling into sheets.
Dependencies
See also
References
| This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Paper, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (view authors). | 
|
External links
- Synthetic paper, Wikipedia