Water - Revision history

Sargeras: /* Desalination */

2025-09-22T21:37:37Z

Desalination

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:37, 22 September 2025
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	== Purification ==		== Purification ==
	{{see also\|~~Water filter~~}}		{{see also\|Drinking water}}
	Water must be purified for human consumption whenever it is believed that it can be contaminated, including when staying in the wilderness. The process kills germs and removes both sediments and contaminants, making it safe for drinking.<ref name=":0">[[wikihow:Purify-Water\|How to Purify Water]], 1 May 2022, WikiHow. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>		Water must be purified for human consumption whenever it is believed that it can be contaminated, including when staying in the wilderness. The process kills germs and removes both sediments and contaminants, making it safe for drinking.<ref name=":0">[[wikihow:Purify-Water\|How to Purify Water]], 1 May 2022, WikiHow. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>

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	Salt water from sources such as seawater has concentrations much higher than the human body's capacity to process it. Kidneys can only make urine that is less salty than salt water, and as such people urinate more water than what was drank to get rid of the excess salt, risking the person's dehydration.<ref>[https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/drinksw.html Can humans drink seawater?], United States National Ocean Service. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>		Salt water from sources such as seawater has concentrations much higher than the human body's capacity to process it. Kidneys can only make urine that is less salty than salt water, and as such people urinate more water than what was drank to get rid of the excess salt, risking the person's dehydration.<ref>[https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/drinksw.html Can humans drink seawater?], United States National Ocean Service. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>

	In order to survive in a situation where salt water is only available, a desalination method is needed. One of the simplest methods is through condensation: salt water is collected in a container, such as a bowl, is afterwards placed under direct sunlight, placing a smaller container to collect the desalinated water, such as a cup, and a material that allows for condensation is placed over the container, such as a [[plastic]] wrap, which must be tightly placed into the borders of the container to prevent open areas. A weight can be placed on top of the cover to the collection easier, such as a stone. The water should evaporate under the heat, and after several hours droplets will form in the cover, which should drop in the smaller container. The distilled water is safe for drinking.<ref>[https://www.wikihow.com/Desalinate-Water How to Desalinate Water], 21 February 2022, WikiHow. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>		In order to survive in a situation where salt water is only available, a desalination method is needed. One of the simplest methods is through condensation: salt water is collected in a container, such as a bowl, is afterwards placed under direct sunlight, placing a smaller container to collect the desalinated water, such as a cup, and a material that allows for condensation is placed over the container, such as a [[plastic]] wrap, which must be tightly placed into the borders of the container to prevent open areas. A weight can be placed on top of the cover to the collection easier, such as a stone. The water should evaporate under the heat, and after several hours droplets will form in the cover, which should drop in the smaller container. This process can be sped up by using a source of heat such as a fire. The distilled water is safe for drinking, though some salt is required for the human body to assimilate water so adding back a small amount of the mineral residue to the distilled water is advised.<ref>[https://www.wikihow.com/Desalinate-Water How to Desalinate Water], 21 February 2022, WikiHow. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==

Sargeras: /* Purification */

2025-09-22T21:02:36Z

Purification

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:02, 22 September 2025
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	== Purification ==		== Purification ==
	{{see also\|~~Heat~~}}		{{see also\|Water filter}}
	Water must be purified for human consumption whenever it is believed that it can be contaminated, including when staying in the wilderness. The process kills germs and removes both sediments and contaminants, making it safe for drinking.<ref name=":0">[[wikihow:Purify-Water\|How to Purify Water]], 1 May 2022, WikiHow. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>		Water must be purified for human consumption whenever it is believed that it can be contaminated, including when staying in the wilderness. The process kills germs and removes both sediments and contaminants, making it safe for drinking.<ref name=":0">[[wikihow:Purify-Water\|How to Purify Water]], 1 May 2022, WikiHow. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>

PolarTwin: /* Dependencies */

2023-01-09T01:03:22Z

Dependencies

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:03, 9 January 2023
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	** [[Cooking]]		** [[Cooking]]
	** [[Latex]]		** [[Latex]]
			** [[Sand]]
			*** [[Mortar]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

PolarTwin: /* Dependencies */

2023-01-08T23:58:27Z

Dependencies

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:58, 8 January 2023
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	*** [[Ice]]		*** [[Ice]]
	*** [[Snow]]		*** [[Snow]]
			** [[Cooking]]
			** [[Latex]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

PolarTwin: /* Purification */ See also, link

2023-01-08T23:21:37Z

Purification: See also, link

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:21, 8 January 2023
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	== Purification ==		== Purification ==
			{{see also\|Heat}}
	Water must be purified for human consumption whenever it is believed that it can be contaminated, including when staying in the wilderness. The process kills germs and removes both sediments and contaminants, making it safe for drinking.<ref name=":0">[[wikihow:Purify-Water\|How to Purify Water]], 1 May 2022, WikiHow. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>		Water must be purified for human consumption whenever it is believed that it can be contaminated, including when staying in the wilderness. The process kills germs and removes both sediments and contaminants, making it safe for drinking.<ref name=":0">[[wikihow:Purify-Water\|How to Purify Water]], 1 May 2022, WikiHow. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>

	One of the best ways to kill harmful microorganisms in the water, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, is by boiling the water.<ref name=":0" /> While boiling alone will not remove heavy metals or chemical contaminants from the water, boiling it with the core inside cactus leaves, called mucilage, can potentially remove additional pollutants, such as [[arsenic]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://inhabitat.com/6-ways-to-purify-water-without-expensive-technology/ 6 ways to purify water without expensive technology] - Katie Medlock, 27 April 2016, Inhabitat. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>		One of the best ways to kill harmful microorganisms in the water, including [[bacteria]], viruses, and parasites, is by boiling the water.<ref name=":0" /> While boiling alone will not remove heavy metals or chemical contaminants from the water, boiling it with the core inside cactus leaves, called mucilage, can potentially remove additional pollutants, such as [[arsenic]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://inhabitat.com/6-ways-to-purify-water-without-expensive-technology/ 6 ways to purify water without expensive technology] - Katie Medlock, 27 April 2016, Inhabitat. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>

	Studies have found the effectiveness of some plants to remove pollutants from water. Specifically, pine trees can remove pathogens from the liquid. For this, remove a small branch from a pine tree, strip it from its bark and place the branch in the container with the water that needs purifying. The sap in the [[stick]] should trap and collect pathogens in the water.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://news.mit.edu/2014/need-a-water-filter-peel-a-tree-branch-0226 Need a water filter? Peel a tree branch] - Jennifer Chu, 26 February 2014, MIT News. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref> Likewise, [[cilantro]] can be effective at removing [[lead]] and [[nickel]] from water. In this case, place a handful of leaves in the container, stir the water and let the leaves sit in the water for at least an hour, removing and discarding them before drinking the water. Cilantro has not tested for the removal of other heavy metals, including [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://healthland.time.com/2013/09/12/cilantro-more-than-an-herb-it-can-purify-water-too/ Cilantro: More Than An Herb, It Can Purify Water Too] - Alexandra Sifferlin, 12 September 2013, Time. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>		Studies have found the effectiveness of some plants to remove pollutants from water. Specifically, pine trees can remove pathogens from the liquid. For this, remove a small branch from a pine tree, strip it from its bark and place the branch in the container with the water that needs purifying. The sap in the [[stick]] should trap and collect pathogens in the water.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://news.mit.edu/2014/need-a-water-filter-peel-a-tree-branch-0226 Need a water filter? Peel a tree branch] - Jennifer Chu, 26 February 2014, MIT News. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref> Likewise, [[cilantro]] can be effective at removing [[lead]] and [[nickel]] from water. In this case, place a handful of leaves in the container, stir the water and let the leaves sit in the water for at least an hour, removing and discarding them before drinking the water. Cilantro has not tested for the removal of other heavy metals, including [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://healthland.time.com/2013/09/12/cilantro-more-than-an-herb-it-can-purify-water-too/ Cilantro: More Than An Herb, It Can Purify Water Too] - Alexandra Sifferlin, 12 September 2013, Time. Retrieved on 18 October 2022</ref>

PolarTwin: Wa Seawater

2023-01-08T21:08:44Z

Wa Seawater

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:08, 8 January 2023
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	{{wa\|Rainwater tank}}		{{wa\|Rainwater tank}}
	{{wa\|Evapotranspiration}}		{{wa\|Evapotranspiration}}
			{{wa\|Seawater}}

	[[Category:Featured articles]]		[[Category:Featured articles]]
	[[Category:Water]]		[[Category:Water]]

PolarTwin: Water filter link

2023-01-08T21:06:30Z

Water filter link

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:06, 8 January 2023
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	=== Filtration ===		=== Filtration ===
			{{main\|Water filter}}
	The next step is filtration. Filtration has two components, biological and physical. Physical filtration is relatively straightforward. Water is flown over a semi-permeable surface, such as cloth or a bed of [[sand]] and crushed [[charcoal]]. Particles that remain in the water after clarification are then caught either because they are too large to fit through the holes in the surface or because they bind to the surface of the sand/charcoal. The sand/charcoal bed also provides a medium for friendly bacteria to form colonies and make biofilms, so that they can process any dissolved nutrients such as [[nitrogen]] or [[phosphorus]] out of the water and release it as [[carbon dioxide]]. In order to treat waters that contain dissolved metals, a bed of ionic sand can be used, which form bonds with the dissolved metals and capture them in the process. In treatment of extremely nutrient dense waters such as wastewater, aeration may be effective in feeding these bacteria oxygen, accelerating the rate at which they digest these nutrients.		The next step is filtration. Filtration has two components, biological and physical. Physical filtration is relatively straightforward. Water is flown over a semi-permeable surface, such as cloth or a bed of [[sand]] and crushed [[charcoal]]. Particles that remain in the water after clarification are then caught either because they are too large to fit through the holes in the surface or because they bind to the surface of the sand/charcoal. The sand/charcoal bed also provides a medium for friendly bacteria to form colonies and make biofilms, so that they can process any dissolved nutrients such as [[nitrogen]] or [[phosphorus]] out of the water and release it as [[carbon dioxide]]. In order to treat waters that contain dissolved metals, a bed of ionic sand can be used, which form bonds with the dissolved metals and capture them in the process. In treatment of extremely nutrient dense waters such as wastewater, aeration may be effective in feeding these bacteria oxygen, accelerating the rate at which they digest these nutrients.
	[[File:Distillation by Retort.png\|thumb\|176x176px\|Shown here is a simple distillation apparatus, where the dirty water is heated by the burner, turns to steam, and then condenses in the second bulb, which is kept cool by the water from the tap. ]]		[[File:Distillation by Retort.png\|thumb\|176x176px\|Shown here is a simple distillation apparatus, where the dirty water is heated by the burner, turns to steam, and then condenses in the second bulb, which is kept cool by the water from the tap. ]]
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	Maritime transport can be realized over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation, or for military purposes. While extensive inland shipping is less critical nowadays, the major waterways of the world including many canals are still very important and are integral parts of worldwide economies. Particularly, any material can be moved by water; however, water transport becomes impractical when material delivery is time-critical, including various types of perishable produce. Still, water transport is highly cost effective with regular schedulable cargoes, such as trans-oceanic shipping of consumer products, and especially for heavy loads or bulk cargos, such as [[coal]], [[Raw material#Metallic ores\|ores]], or grains. Arguably, the industrial revolution took place best where cheap water transport by canal, navigations, or shipping by all types of watercraft on natural waterways supported cost-effective bulk transport.		Maritime transport can be realized over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation, or for military purposes. While extensive inland shipping is less critical nowadays, the major waterways of the world including many canals are still very important and are integral parts of worldwide economies. Particularly, any material can be moved by water; however, water transport becomes impractical when material delivery is time-critical, including various types of perishable produce. Still, water transport is highly cost effective with regular schedulable cargoes, such as trans-oceanic shipping of consumer products, and especially for heavy loads or bulk cargos, such as [[coal]], [[Raw material#Metallic ores\|ores]], or grains. Arguably, the industrial revolution took place best where cheap water transport by canal, navigations, or shipping by all types of watercraft on natural waterways supported cost-effective bulk transport.

	~~== Seawater ==~~
	~~{{main\|Seawater}}~~
	~~[[File:Sea water Virgo.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Seawater in the Strait of Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia]]~~

	[[Seawater]] is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts, predominantly [[sodium]] and [[chloride]] ions.

	== Dependencies ==		== Dependencies ==
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	*** [[Ice]]		*** [[Ice]]
	*** [[Snow]]		*** [[Snow]]
	** [[Chloride]]
	** [[Sodium]]
	*** [[Seawater]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

PolarTwin: /* Dependencies */

2023-01-08T21:05:14Z

Dependencies

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:05, 8 January 2023
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	*** [[Ice]]		*** [[Ice]]
	*** [[Snow]]		*** [[Snow]]
	* [[Chloride]]		** [[Chloride]]
	* [[Sodium]]		** [[Sodium]]
	** [[Seawater]]		*** [[Seawater]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

PolarTwin: /* Dependencies */

2023-01-08T21:04:54Z

Dependencies

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:04, 8 January 2023
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	* [[Chloride]]		* [[Chloride]]
	* [[Sodium]]		* [[Sodium]]
	** [[Seawater~~'''~~]]		** [[Seawater]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

PolarTwin: Seawater

2023-01-08T21:04:42Z

Seawater

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:04, 8 January 2023
Line 67:		Line 67:

	Maritime transport can be realized over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation, or for military purposes. While extensive inland shipping is less critical nowadays, the major waterways of the world including many canals are still very important and are integral parts of worldwide economies. Particularly, any material can be moved by water; however, water transport becomes impractical when material delivery is time-critical, including various types of perishable produce. Still, water transport is highly cost effective with regular schedulable cargoes, such as trans-oceanic shipping of consumer products, and especially for heavy loads or bulk cargos, such as [[coal]], [[Raw material#Metallic ores\|ores]], or grains. Arguably, the industrial revolution took place best where cheap water transport by canal, navigations, or shipping by all types of watercraft on natural waterways supported cost-effective bulk transport.		Maritime transport can be realized over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation, or for military purposes. While extensive inland shipping is less critical nowadays, the major waterways of the world including many canals are still very important and are integral parts of worldwide economies. Particularly, any material can be moved by water; however, water transport becomes impractical when material delivery is time-critical, including various types of perishable produce. Still, water transport is highly cost effective with regular schedulable cargoes, such as trans-oceanic shipping of consumer products, and especially for heavy loads or bulk cargos, such as [[coal]], [[Raw material#Metallic ores\|ores]], or grains. Arguably, the industrial revolution took place best where cheap water transport by canal, navigations, or shipping by all types of watercraft on natural waterways supported cost-effective bulk transport.

			== Seawater ==
			{{main\|Seawater}}
			[[File:Sea water Virgo.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Seawater in the Strait of Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia]]

			[[Seawater]] is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts, predominantly [[sodium]] and [[chloride]] ions.

	== Dependencies ==		== Dependencies ==
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	*** [[Ice]]		*** [[Ice]]
	*** [[Snow]]		*** [[Snow]]
			* [[Chloride]]
			* [[Sodium]]
			** [[Seawater''']]

	== See also ==		== See also ==