Ammonia
Ammonia, also known as hydrogen nitride, is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. It is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Although common in nature and in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous in its concentrated form.
Materials needed
Crafting instructions
Note: Due to the high pressure under which this reaction takes place and the reactivity of its reagents, this process is notably dangerous, and should only be attempted under laboratory conditions by professionals
Ammonia production is mainly done through Haber-Bosch process in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is reacted with hydrogen (H2) alongside a catalyst of finely divided iron.
The chemical reaction utilized by the Haber-Bosch process is:
N2 +3H2 → 2NH3
ΔH298k = -92.28 kJ per mole of N2
- The pulverized magnetite (Fe3O4) is oxidized to give magnetite or wüstite (FeO, ferrous oxide) particles of a specific size. The magnetite (or wüstite) particles are then partially reduced, removing some of the oxygen. The resulting catalyst particles consist of a core of magnetite, encased in a shell of wüstite, which in turn is surrounded by an outer shell of metallic iron.
- Mix one (1) part nitrogen to three (3) parts hydrogen alongside your catalyst.
- Bring the gas to a pressure of 250 to 350 bar and a temperature of 450 to 550°C
- Cool the resulting gas to extrude liquid ammonia
Uses
Around 70% of ammonia is used to make fertilizers in various forms and composition. Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products.
Dependencies
See also
References
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