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Pig iron

2025-05-14T21:30:58Z

NerdyBush: Added 2 uses for pig iron and picture of iron pot as example of casting

[[File:Masseln.jpg|thumb|200px|Pig iron in the Herrenwyk Industrial Museum History Workshop, Lübeck, Germany]]

'''Pig iron''' is an intermediate product of the [[iron]] industry in the production of [[steel]] which is obtained by smelting [[iron ore]] in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a very high [[carbon]] content, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications. The traditional shape of the molds used for pig iron ingots is a branching structure formed in [[sand]], with many individual ingots at right angles to a central channel or "runner", resembling a litter of piglets being nursed by a sow. When the metal had cooled and hardened, the smaller ingots (the "pigs") were simply broken from the runner (the "sow"), hence the name "pig iron".

Pig iron can be later processed into steel.
[[File:Iron pot.jpg|thumb|Pig iron is low grade cast iron with impurities so it can be used for making a lot of things]]
Also with pig iron you can be casted into different things that doesn’t require steel properties to function for example Pans.

== Dependencies ==

* [[Iron ore]]
* [[Steel]]
** [[Carbon]]
** [[Pig iron]]

== See also ==
* [[Sponge iron]]
* [[Wrought iron]]

== References ==
{{wa|Pig_iron}}

[[Category:Iron]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

File:Iron pot.jpg

2025-05-14T21:28:30Z

NerdyBush:

Iron pot

Hunting, Fishing and Foraging

2025-05-14T21:21:09Z

NerdyBush: /* Fish trapping */ added picture and description of ancient fish trap

This page lists ways of getting food from the wild.

== Hunting ==

=== Passive hunting: Traps ===
'''Trapping''' is a way of passively hunt for meat, by setting up traps to catch prey. It is easier and less risky, but can take more time depending on the setup.

'''Tools Needed''': Natural materials (vines, sticks, stones), cordage (plant fibers, sinew), bait.

==== Small Game (Rabbits, Squirrels, Birds) ====

* '''Snares''':
** Use bent saplings or vines to create a noose loop. Place near animal trails or burrows.
** [[File:Snare example.jpg|thumb|Example of trap for small animal]]''Example'': A "figure-4 deadfall" (triggered by the animal’s movement).
* '''Pit Traps''':
** Dig a shallow pit, cover with leaves/branches, and bait with nuts/fruit.
* '''Bird Snares''':
** Set nooses near watering holes or perches.

==== Medium Game (Foxes, Raccoons, Wild Pigs) ====

* '''Deadfalls''':
** Heavy rocks/logs rigged to crush prey when triggered (e.g., Paiute deadfall).
* '''Cage Traps''':
** Woven branches or stone corrals with funnel entrances.

==== Large Game (Deer, Boar) ====

* '''Corral Traps''':
** Drive animals into fenced enclosures (used by indigenous tribes).
* '''Pit Traps (Deep)''':
** Dig a 6+ ft pit, camouflage the top, and lure prey with food.

=== Active hunting: Spears and bows ===
[[Hunting|Active hunting]] is more energy-consuming and more dangerous, but can be more rewarding.

'''Tools Needed''': Spears, bows, throwing sticks, slings.

==== Small Game ====

* '''Throwing Sticks (Rabbit Sticks)''':
** Curved sticks thrown to stun prey.
* '''Blowguns''':
** Hollow reeds with darts (poisoned tips optional).
* '''Sling''':
** Stones hurled at birds or small mammals.

==== Medium Game (Deer, Wild Sheep) ====

* '''Bows and Arrows''':
** Self-bows (yew, osage orange) with flint/obsidian arrowheads.
* '''Spears''':
** Thrusting or throwing spears (atlatl for added range).

==== Large Game (Bison, Elk, Bear) ====

* '''Spear Hunting''':
** Ambush near watering holes or migration paths.
* '''Pit Drives''':
** Herd animals into pits or cliffs (e.g., buffalo jumps).
* '''Communal Hunts''':
** Coordinated drives with fire/noise to exhaust prey.

== Fishing ==
Ways to catch fish are

Ways to fish can be: line fishing, pole fishing, net fishing, spear fishing, bow fishing, fish trapping.

All line thickness, hook size, net size and bait depend on type and size of the fish being caught.

=== Line fishing ===
Line fishing revolves around personal feel for the line and strength to pull fish to shore. A line would be tied onto a hook and bait would serve as the sinker.

=== Pole fishing ===
A fishing pole depends on mechanical strength to make the fishing more efficient and being able to throw the bait further.

=== Net fishing ===
Nets able to catch great amounts of fish. Can be hand weaved and are effective.

==== Production ====
Through the use of weavers knot, a net can be made for most types of fish. The space in between the knots should depend on the size of the fish

=== Spear fishing ===
The spearing of a fish relies on shallow waters, patience and quick reflexes to catch fish, preferable use in river and lakes.

=== Bow fishing ===
Use of a bow to fish. A string attached to a arrow which is then pulled by hand or carabiner to retrieve the fish

=== Fish trapping ===
Traps have the ability to be left on the sea or river floor for longer periods of time and are cheap to produce. The "cage" has a door that may open only inwards, leaving any fish or crab trapped until collected
[[File:Fish trap.jpg|thumb|Ancient fish trap]]
One of easiest types of fish traps is two baskets one of which has no bottom, just insert that basket into another and tie them up.

==== Octopus trap ====
There are various types of fishing traps, the most common and easy to build is the octopus trap which catches octopus (of course) moray eels and other various bottom feeder fish. Materials metal mesh or net or thin sticks. make a 2' by1' by 1' cuboid on one end that is 1' by '1 make an inward facing cone out of the same material of the trap body, on the other side make a door that is easily secured shut. in the inside of the trap put a smaller box of the same material (this will hold the bait. Bait to be used may vary(bread, small dead fish, fish guts, fish carcasses, smaller dead animals).

Always make sure to secure the trap to the bank

==== Production ====
A wooden or metal frame of a square or rectangle made which with a trapdoor on one of the sides and are then covered with mesh or net tied to or welded onto the trap creating a cage

Hunting, Fishing and Foraging

2025-05-14T21:18:43Z

NerdyBush: /* Small Game (Rabbits, Squirrels, Birds) */ added trap image for small game traps

This page lists ways of getting food from the wild.

== Hunting ==

=== Passive hunting: Traps ===
'''Trapping''' is a way of passively hunt for meat, by setting up traps to catch prey. It is easier and less risky, but can take more time depending on the setup.

'''Tools Needed''': Natural materials (vines, sticks, stones), cordage (plant fibers, sinew), bait.

==== Small Game (Rabbits, Squirrels, Birds) ====

* '''Snares''':
** Use bent saplings or vines to create a noose loop. Place near animal trails or burrows.
** [[File:Snare example.jpg|thumb|Example of trap for small animal]]''Example'': A "figure-4 deadfall" (triggered by the animal’s movement).
* '''Pit Traps''':
** Dig a shallow pit, cover with leaves/branches, and bait with nuts/fruit.
* '''Bird Snares''':
** Set nooses near watering holes or perches.

==== Medium Game (Foxes, Raccoons, Wild Pigs) ====

* '''Deadfalls''':
** Heavy rocks/logs rigged to crush prey when triggered (e.g., Paiute deadfall).
* '''Cage Traps''':
** Woven branches or stone corrals with funnel entrances.

==== Large Game (Deer, Boar) ====

* '''Corral Traps''':
** Drive animals into fenced enclosures (used by indigenous tribes).
* '''Pit Traps (Deep)''':
** Dig a 6+ ft pit, camouflage the top, and lure prey with food.

=== Active hunting: Spears and bows ===
[[Hunting|Active hunting]] is more energy-consuming and more dangerous, but can be more rewarding.

'''Tools Needed''': Spears, bows, throwing sticks, slings.

==== Small Game ====

* '''Throwing Sticks (Rabbit Sticks)''':
** Curved sticks thrown to stun prey.
* '''Blowguns''':
** Hollow reeds with darts (poisoned tips optional).
* '''Sling''':
** Stones hurled at birds or small mammals.

==== Medium Game (Deer, Wild Sheep) ====

* '''Bows and Arrows''':
** Self-bows (yew, osage orange) with flint/obsidian arrowheads.
* '''Spears''':
** Thrusting or throwing spears (atlatl for added range).

==== Large Game (Bison, Elk, Bear) ====

* '''Spear Hunting''':
** Ambush near watering holes or migration paths.
* '''Pit Drives''':
** Herd animals into pits or cliffs (e.g., buffalo jumps).
* '''Communal Hunts''':
** Coordinated drives with fire/noise to exhaust prey.

== Fishing ==
Ways to catch fish are

Ways to fish can be: line fishing, pole fishing, net fishing, spear fishing, bow fishing, fish trapping.

All line thickness, hook size, net size and bait depend on type and size of the fish being caught.

=== Line fishing ===
Line fishing revolves around personal feel for the line and strength to pull fish to shore. A line would be tied onto a hook and bait would serve as the sinker.

=== Pole fishing ===
A fishing pole depends on mechanical strength to make the fishing more efficient and being able to throw the bait further.

=== Net fishing ===
Nets able to catch great amounts of fish. Can be hand weaved and are effective.

==== Production ====
Through the use of weavers knot, a net can be made for most types of fish. The space in between the knots should depend on the size of the fish

=== Spear fishing ===
The spearing of a fish relies on shallow waters, patience and quick reflexes to catch fish, preferable use in river and lakes.

=== Bow fishing ===
Use of a bow to fish. A string attached to a arrow which is then pulled by hand or carabiner to retrieve the fish

=== Fish trapping ===
Traps have the ability to be left on the sea or river floor for longer periods of time and are cheap to produce. The "cage" has a door that may open only inwards, leaving any fish or crab trapped until collected

==== Octopus trap ====
There are various types of fishing traps, the most common and easy to build is the octopus trap which catches octopus (of course) moray eels and other various bottom feeder fish. Materials metal mesh or net or thin sticks. make a 2' by1' by 1' cuboid on one end that is 1' by '1 make an inward facing cone out of the same material of the trap body, on the other side make a door that is easily secured shut. in the inside of the trap put a smaller box of the same material (this will hold the bait. Bait to be used may vary(bread, small dead fish, fish guts, fish carcasses, smaller dead animals).

Always make sure to secure the trap to the bank

==== Production ====
A wooden or metal frame of a square or rectangle made which with a trapdoor on one of the sides and are then covered with mesh or net tied to or welded onto the trap creating a cage

File:Snare example.jpg

2025-05-14T21:14:56Z

NerdyBush:

Example of snare for small animal

File:Fish trap.jpg

2025-05-14T21:06:11Z

NerdyBush:

Example of ancient fish trap

Bellows

2025-05-14T21:01:00Z

NerdyBush: Added another bellow type and brief discussed possibly to using fans instead of bellows

[[File:Bellows.png|thumb|Bellows.]]

A '''bellows''' or '''pair of bellows''' is a device constructed to furnish a strong blast of [[air]]. The simplest type consists of a flexible bag comprising a pair of rigid boards with handles joined by flexible [[leather]] sides enclosing an approximately airtight cavity which can be expanded and contracted by operating the handles. Bellows are fitted with a valve, allowing air to fill the cavity when expanded, and with a tube through which the air is forced out in a stream when the cavity is compressed. It has many applications, including blowing on a [[fire]] to supply it with air.

There also some additional types of bellows like box bellows
[[File:Box bellows.jpg|thumb|306x306px|Box bellows]]
They consists from 2 vessels(it can be box, pot and etc) one of them should be filled with water other should have hole in it, air stream produced by pulling one vessel down on other, water in one of them is pushing air. For more efficiency you can add leather valve to it(basically strip of material attached near the hole)

Also there exist machines that do similar functions to bellows, so easy but less effective alternative could be fan.

== Dependencies ==
* [[Leather]]
** '''Bellows'''
*** [[Air]]
*** [[Fire]]

== See also ==
* [[Copper smelting]]
* [[Kiln]]

== References ==
{{wa|Bellows}}
[[Category:Stubs]]
[[Category:Tools]]

File:Box bellows.jpg

2025-05-14T20:56:30Z

NerdyBush:

Example of box bellows for reference