Wikiciv - User contributions [en]

User:Mikaele1100

2025-05-09T13:28:07Z

Mikaele1100:

Hello I am Mikaele1100, kukito_00 on Discord, I love this project and want to help it to grow, by research or giving any knowledge I have kukito1100 on Discord

Sandpaper

2025-05-09T08:08:01Z

Mikaele1100: /* See also */

[[File:Schleifpapier verschiedene Sorten.jpg|thumb|250px|Sheets of sandpaper with different grit sizes.]]

'''Sandpaper''' is a name used for a type of coated abrasive that consists of sheets of paper or cloth with abrasive material glued to one face. There are many varieties of sandpaper, with variations in the paper or backing, the material used for the grit, grit size, and the bond. Sandpaper is produced in a range of grit sizes and is used to remove material from surfaces, whether to make them smoother (for example, in painting and wood finishing), to remove a layer of material (such as old paint), or sometimes to make the surface rougher (for example, as a preparation for gluing). The grit size of sandpaper is usually stated as a number that is inversely related to the particle size.

== Uses ==
Sandpaper is important to remove rough or irregular edges when crafting weapons or tools, including [[Knife|knives]], [[Slingshot|slingshots]] and [[Sword|swords]].<ref name="EHT">"[https://extremehowto.com/how-to-make-a-knife/ How to Make a Knife – A DIY Guide To Knife Making]", Extreme How-To, 8 March 2009. Retrieved on 4 May 2022</ref><ref name=":0">Miniter, Frank. "[https://www.outdoorlife.com/articles/2015/04/how-make-deer-antler-slingshot/ How to Make a Deer Antler Slingshot]", Outdoor Life, 8 April 2015. Retrieved on 11 December 2022.</ref><ref name=":02">[https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Wooden-Sword How to Make a Wooden Sword], WikiHow, 15 December 2022. Retrieved on 8 January 2023</ref>

== How to make it ==

# Use some cardboard or stack paper as a base
# Use crushed cristal sand or small stones
# Add glue to one of the sides
# Add the sand, stones or crushed cristal to the glued side

== See also ==
* [[Paper]]
* [[Cardboard]]

== References ==
<references/>
{{wa|Sandpaper}}

[[Category:Uncategorized articles]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

Sandpaper

2025-05-09T08:07:10Z

Mikaele1100: Added How to

[[File:Schleifpapier verschiedene Sorten.jpg|thumb|250px|Sheets of sandpaper with different grit sizes.]]

'''Sandpaper''' is a name used for a type of coated abrasive that consists of sheets of paper or cloth with abrasive material glued to one face. There are many varieties of sandpaper, with variations in the paper or backing, the material used for the grit, grit size, and the bond. Sandpaper is produced in a range of grit sizes and is used to remove material from surfaces, whether to make them smoother (for example, in painting and wood finishing), to remove a layer of material (such as old paint), or sometimes to make the surface rougher (for example, as a preparation for gluing). The grit size of sandpaper is usually stated as a number that is inversely related to the particle size.

== Uses ==
Sandpaper is important to remove rough or irregular edges when crafting weapons or tools, including [[Knife|knives]], [[Slingshot|slingshots]] and [[Sword|swords]].<ref name="EHT">"[https://extremehowto.com/how-to-make-a-knife/ How to Make a Knife – A DIY Guide To Knife Making]", Extreme How-To, 8 March 2009. Retrieved on 4 May 2022</ref><ref name=":0">Miniter, Frank. "[https://www.outdoorlife.com/articles/2015/04/how-make-deer-antler-slingshot/ How to Make a Deer Antler Slingshot]", Outdoor Life, 8 April 2015. Retrieved on 11 December 2022.</ref><ref name=":02">[https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Wooden-Sword How to Make a Wooden Sword], WikiHow, 15 December 2022. Retrieved on 8 January 2023</ref>

== How to make it ==

# Use some cardboard or stack paper as a base
# Use crushed cristal sand or small stones
# Add glue to one of the sides
# Add the sand, stones or crushed cristal to the glued side

== See also ==
* [[Paper]]

== References ==
<references/>
{{wa|Sandpaper}}

[[Category:Uncategorized articles]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

Main Page

2025-05-09T07:55:40Z

Mikaele1100: Added 2 food elements

{| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6"
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<FONT SIZE="+3">'''Wikiciv'''</FONT>
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{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#BBCCFF; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
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| <FONT SIZE="+1"> '''Introduction''' </FONT>
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{| cellpadding="10" width="100%"
|-Vendetta
|
[[File:Le Moustier.jpg|350px|right|borderless]]
'''<strong>Welcome to Wikiciv!</strong>'''

Wikiciv is the wiki manual for building civilization from scratch that anyone can edit. It uses [https://www.mediawiki.org Media Wiki], the software that powers [https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia].

''We are at a delicate moment in history. The huge, onrushing mass of events must be deflected just a little, – just a little – It cannot be much, but it may be enough to remove twenty-nine thousand years of misery from human history.'' Hari Seldon

<u>Foundation</u>, Isaac Asimov, 1951
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{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#EECCFF; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
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{| cellpadding="10" width="100%"
|-
|
* '''[[Charcoal]]''' is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating [[wood]] (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents.
* '''[[Fire]]''' is the rapid oxidation of a material (the [[fuel]]) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Fire requires the completion of the fire triangle of [[oxygen]], [[heat]], and [[fuel]].
* '''[[Water]]''' is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, despite providing neither food, energy, nor organic micronutrients.

|}

{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#EECCFF; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
|-
| <FONT size="+1"> '''Main topics'''
|}
{| cellpadding="10" width="100%"
|-
|'''Food and health:'''
* '''[[Agriculture and Horticulture]]'''
* '''[[Livestock and Animal Management]]'''
* '''[[Hunting, Fishing and Foraging]]'''
* '''[[Food preservation|Food Preservation]]'''
* '''[[Water|Water Management]]'''
* '''[[Medicine and Healthcare]]'''
* '''[[Hygiene|Soap Production and Hygiene]]'''
|'''Crafts and techniques:'''
* '''[[Pottery]] (what, where, how)'''
* '''Metalwork (ore, forge, charcoal)'''
* '''[[Carpentry (forestry, woodworking)]]'''
* '''Textile (weaving, sewing)'''
* '''[[Leather|Leatherwork]]'''
* '''Glass Production'''
* '''Stonework'''
* '''Light, Candles and Lamps'''
|'''Concepts:'''
* '''Energy: Production and storage'''
* '''[[Writing and Communication]]'''
* '''Orientation and Transport'''
* '''Literacy and Numeracy'''
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|}
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| style="background:#dae5f2" | <FONT SIZE="+1"> '''Articles that need expanding'''
|-
|
<div style="column-count:6">
* [[Adhesive]]
* [[Bellows]]
* [[Biomass]]
* [[Bloomery furnace]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Bow drill]]
* [[Canning]]
* [[Cement]]
* [[Club]]
* [[Coal]]
* [[Combined cycle plant]]
* [[Coriander]]
* [[Crops]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Diamond]]
* [[Energetics]]
* [[Ethylene glycol]]
* [[Fiberglass]]
* [[Food preservation]]
* [[Generator]]
* [[Graphite]]
* [[Gravel]]
* [[Hammer]]
* [[Hand drill]]
* [[Heat]]
* [[Helium]]
* [[Hydrocarbon]]
* [[Ice]]
* [[Leather]]
* [[Lime concrete]]
* [[Limestone]]
* [[Linen]]
* [[Match]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Methane gas]]
* [[Mud]]
* [[Nickel]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nylon]]
* [[Oil]]
* [[Panning]]
* [[Paper]]
* [[Petroleum]]
* [[Phosphorus]]
* [[Pig iron]]
* [[Potassium]]
* [[Pottery]]
* [[Pump drill]]
* [[Quartz]]
* [[Rawhide]]
* [[Refrigeration]]
* [[Rope]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sand]]
* [[Sandpaper]]
* [[Sandstone]]
* [[Scrap]]
* [[Scrap copper]]
* [[Scrap iron]]
* [[Scrap steel]]
* [[Seawater]]
* [[Shovel]]
* [[Sodium]]
* [[Stick]]
* [[Torch]]
* [[Water filter]]
* [[Wheel]]
* [[Wool]]
* [[Wrought iron]]
* [[Zeolite]]
* [[Zinc]]
</div>
|-
| style="background:#dae5f2" | <FONT SIZE="+1"> '''Requested articles'''
|-
|
<div style="column-count:4">
* [[Battery]]
* [[Clothing]]
* [[Dirt]]
* [[Duct tape]]
* [[Engine]]
* [[Furnace]]
* [[Foraging]]
* [[Glycerine]]
* [[Iron pyrite]]
* [[Mirror]]
* [[Oven]]
* [[Spinach]]
* [[Carrot]]
</div>
|-
|
|}

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Crops

2025-05-09T07:53:31Z

Mikaele1100: /* List of common fruits */

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Growing potatoes|Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|[[Orange]]
|Subtropical; 20–30°C; moderate-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; grows in 12-16 years.
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

== List of common vegetables ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wild lettuce|Wild Lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; fast-growing; grows well in poor soil
|-
|[[Spinach]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; fast-growing; grows in poor soil; high in vitamins and minerals
|-
|[[Radish]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; very fast-growing; requires moderate rainfall; tolerant of poor soils
|-
|[[Kale]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; grows in poor soils; frost-tolerant; high in vitamins and fiber
|-
|[[Swiss chard]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant once established; fast-growing; edible leaves and stems
|-
|[[Carrot]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–25°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soil; can be stored in ground or cellar
|-
|[[Cabbage]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soils; cold-hardy; stores well in root cellars
|-
|[[Beetroot]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 10–25°C; tolerates poor soil; edible roots and leaves; good storage life
|-
|[[Peas]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows quickly
|}

== List of common Narcotics ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Opium poppy|Opium Poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; prefers full sun and well-drained soil; drought-tolerant once mature; source of morphine and codeine
|-
|[[Kratom]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; needs rich, moist soil and high humidity; stimulant in small doses, sedative in large doses
|-
|[[Cannabis]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; needs well-drained soil and sunlight; pain relief, appetite stimulation
|-
|[[Valerian (herb)|Valerian]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers moist, loamy soil; root used as a sedative and sleep aid
|-
|[[California poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soil; mild sedative and anti-anxiety properties
|-
|[[Blue lotus]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; 20–30°C; aquatic plant; grows in still freshwater; mild sedative and euphoriant
|-
|[[Wormwood]]
|Temperate to dry; 15–30°C; drought-resistant; grows in poor, sandy soils; used in absinthe, mild narcotic and digestive aid
|-
|[[Datura]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; toxic in high doses; used traditionally for pain relief and trance states
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Crops

2025-05-09T07:53:17Z

Mikaele1100: /* List of common fruits */

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Growing potatoes|Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|Orange
|Subtropical; 20–30°C; moderate-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; grows in 12-16 years.
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

== List of common vegetables ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wild lettuce|Wild Lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; fast-growing; grows well in poor soil
|-
|[[Spinach]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; fast-growing; grows in poor soil; high in vitamins and minerals
|-
|[[Radish]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; very fast-growing; requires moderate rainfall; tolerant of poor soils
|-
|[[Kale]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; grows in poor soils; frost-tolerant; high in vitamins and fiber
|-
|[[Swiss chard]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant once established; fast-growing; edible leaves and stems
|-
|[[Carrot]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–25°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soil; can be stored in ground or cellar
|-
|[[Cabbage]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soils; cold-hardy; stores well in root cellars
|-
|[[Beetroot]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 10–25°C; tolerates poor soil; edible roots and leaves; good storage life
|-
|[[Peas]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows quickly
|}

== List of common Narcotics ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Opium poppy|Opium Poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; prefers full sun and well-drained soil; drought-tolerant once mature; source of morphine and codeine
|-
|[[Kratom]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; needs rich, moist soil and high humidity; stimulant in small doses, sedative in large doses
|-
|[[Cannabis]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; needs well-drained soil and sunlight; pain relief, appetite stimulation
|-
|[[Valerian (herb)|Valerian]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers moist, loamy soil; root used as a sedative and sleep aid
|-
|[[California poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soil; mild sedative and anti-anxiety properties
|-
|[[Blue lotus]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; 20–30°C; aquatic plant; grows in still freshwater; mild sedative and euphoriant
|-
|[[Wormwood]]
|Temperate to dry; 15–30°C; drought-resistant; grows in poor, sandy soils; used in absinthe, mild narcotic and digestive aid
|-
|[[Datura]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; toxic in high doses; used traditionally for pain relief and trance states
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Crops

2025-05-08T13:33:47Z

Mikaele1100: /* Agricultural classification */

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Growing potatoes|Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

== List of common vegetables ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wild lettuce|Wild Lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; fast-growing; grows well in poor soil
|-
|[[Spinach]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; fast-growing; grows in poor soil; high in vitamins and minerals
|-
|[[Radish]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; very fast-growing; requires moderate rainfall; tolerant of poor soils
|-
|[[Kale]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; grows in poor soils; frost-tolerant; high in vitamins and fiber
|-
|[[Swiss chard]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant once established; fast-growing; edible leaves and stems
|-
|[[Carrot]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–25°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soil; can be stored in ground or cellar
|-
|[[Cabbage]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soils; cold-hardy; stores well in root cellars
|-
|[[Beetroot]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 10–25°C; tolerates poor soil; edible roots and leaves; good storage life
|-
|[[Peas]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows quickly
|}

== List of common Narcotics ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Opium poppy|Opium Poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; prefers full sun and well-drained soil; drought-tolerant once mature; source of morphine and codeine
|-
|[[Kratom]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; needs rich, moist soil and high humidity; stimulant in small doses, sedative in large doses
|-
|[[Cannabis]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; needs well-drained soil and sunlight; pain relief, appetite stimulation
|-
|[[Valerian (herb)|Valerian]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers moist, loamy soil; root used as a sedative and sleep aid
|-
|[[California poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soil; mild sedative and anti-anxiety properties
|-
|[[Blue lotus]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; 20–30°C; aquatic plant; grows in still freshwater; mild sedative and euphoriant
|-
|[[Wormwood]]
|Temperate to dry; 15–30°C; drought-resistant; grows in poor, sandy soils; used in absinthe, mild narcotic and digestive aid
|-
|[[Datura]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; toxic in high doses; used traditionally for pain relief and trance states
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Agriculture and Horticulture

2025-05-08T13:32:34Z

Mikaele1100:

'''Agriculture''' encompasses [[Crops|crop]] and [[Livestock and Animal Management|livestock production]], [[Livestock and Animal Management#Aquaculture|aquaculture]], and [[Carpentry#Forestry|forestry]] for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created [[Food preservation|food surpluses]] that enabled people to live in the cities. Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, with at least 11 separate centers of origin<ref>"Current perspectives and the future of domestication studies". ''PNAS''. '''111''' (17): 6139–6146. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6139L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1323964111. PMC 4035915. PMID 24757054.</ref>.

The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into [[Food|foods]], fibers, [[Fuel|fuels]], and [[Raw material|raw materials]] (such as [[rubber]]). Food classes include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, cooking oils, meat, milk, [[Chicken#Eggs|eggs]], and [[Fungiculture|fungi]].

'''Horticulture''' is more specifically the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants, with an emphasis on scientific methods, plant breeding, and technical cultivation practices.

== Basic principle ==

* '''Synergies''': Cereals, livestock, domestication of plants and animals
* '''Skills''': Plant cultivation, crop rotation, composting, water management.
* '''Tools''': Axe, shovel, hoe, rake, watering can, seeds, simple irrigation systems.

Crops

2025-05-08T13:16:49Z

Mikaele1100: /* List of common Tubers */

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments
* Rubber
* Forage

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Growing potatoes|Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

== List of common vegetables ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wild lettuce|Wild Lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; fast-growing; grows well in poor soil
|-
|[[Spinach]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; fast-growing; grows in poor soil; high in vitamins and minerals
|-
|[[Radish]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; very fast-growing; requires moderate rainfall; tolerant of poor soils
|-
|[[Kale]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; grows in poor soils; frost-tolerant; high in vitamins and fiber
|-
|[[Swiss chard]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant once established; fast-growing; edible leaves and stems
|-
|[[Carrot]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–25°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soil; can be stored in ground or cellar
|-
|[[Cabbage]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soils; cold-hardy; stores well in root cellars
|-
|[[Beetroot]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 10–25°C; tolerates poor soil; edible roots and leaves; good storage life
|-
|[[Peas]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows quickly
|}

== List of common Narcotics ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Opium poppy|Opium Poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; prefers full sun and well-drained soil; drought-tolerant once mature; source of morphine and codeine
|-
|[[Kratom]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; needs rich, moist soil and high humidity; stimulant in small doses, sedative in large doses
|-
|[[Cannabis]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; needs well-drained soil and sunlight; pain relief, appetite stimulation
|-
|[[Valerian (herb)|Valerian]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers moist, loamy soil; root used as a sedative and sleep aid
|-
|[[California poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soil; mild sedative and anti-anxiety properties
|-
|[[Blue lotus]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; 20–30°C; aquatic plant; grows in still freshwater; mild sedative and euphoriant
|-
|[[Wormwood]]
|Temperate to dry; 15–30°C; drought-resistant; grows in poor, sandy soils; used in absinthe, mild narcotic and digestive aid
|-
|[[Datura]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; toxic in high doses; used traditionally for pain relief and trance states
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Potato

2025-05-08T13:14:54Z

Mikaele1100: Added link

The potato is a [[Crops|crop]] which can be grown on fields.The potato is rich in nutrients like carbohydrates and could be an essential part of a energy-rich diet.
[[File:Solanales - Solanum tuberosum - 3.jpg|thumb]]

== 1. Definition ==
The potato (/pəˈteɪtoʊ/), ''Solanum tuberosum'', is a starchy tuberous vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are underground tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae.

== 2.History ==

Wild potato species occur from the southern United States to southern Chile. The potato was first domesticated in southern Peru and northwestern Bolivia[15] by pre-Columbian farmers, around Lake Titicaca.

Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced the potato to Europe in the second half of the 16th century as part of the Columbian exchange. The staple was subsequently conveyed by European mariners to territories and ports throughout the world, especially their colonies. European and colonial farmers were slow to adopt farming potatoes. However, after 1750, they became an important food staple and field crop[21] and played a major role in the European 19th century population boom. According to conservative estimates, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900. However, lack of genetic diversity, due to the very limited number of varieties initially introduced, left the crop vulnerable to disease. In 1845, a plant disease known as late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete Phytophthora infestans, spread rapidly through the poorer communities of western Ireland as well as parts of the Scottish Highlands, resulting in the crop failures that led to the Great Irish Famine.

== 3. How to grow potatoes ==

=== 3.1. Right soil ===

# Ideal Soil for Potatoes Loamy, loose soil: Well-aerated soil allows tubers to expand freely. Avoid compacted or rocky soil.
# Slightly acidic pH: Ideal [[pH]] is between 5.5 and 6.5. Too alkaline (above 7) increases risk of scab.
# Nutrient-rich: Mix in [[compost]] or well-rotted manure a few weeks before planting. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers—they promote leafy growth over tubers.
# Moist but well-drained: Consistent moisture is key, especially when tubers are forming, but the soil should never be soggy.
# Best Garden Position for Planting Potatoes Full Sun: Potatoes need at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day. Choose an open area, away from shade cast by trees or buildings.
# Good Drainage: Avoid low-lying spots where water may pool. Potatoes rot in soggy soil, so raised beds or mounded rows are ideal.
# Crop Rotation: Avoid planting in the same place where potatoes or other nightshades (like tomatoes or peppers) grew in the past 2 years. This reduces the risk of disease buildup (like blight or scab).

=== 3.2. How to get seed potatoes ===
[[File:Potato - ഉരുളകിഴങ്ങ്.jpg|thumb]]
''To get seed potatoes, you first need to find regular potatoes (for example, on old potato fields, as the potatoes planted there will come back every year if not harvested, or in former vegetable shops or garden supply stores). The potatoes then need to be placed in a warm, sunny environment for 1–2 weeks until they sprout. Once the sprouts (green shoots growing from the tuber) are about 5 cm long, they are ready to be planted.''

=== 3.3. How to plant the potatoes ===
[[File:Men and women planting potatoes (circa 1950).jpg|thumb]]
Sowing depth: 8–10 cm
Row spacing: 30–35 cm
Companion plants: As with most vegetables, it’s important to consider proper crop rotation and suitable companion plants to improve yield. Potatoes generally grow well alongside: broad beans, cabbage varieties, kohlrabi, caraway, corn, and spinach.
Pre-sprouting: Start sprouting from March
Planting out in beds: April to May
Plant the pre-sprouted potatoes from mid-April to early June at the latest, placing them in the soil at a depth of 8 to 10 cm and spacing them 30 to 35 cm apart. Make sure the sprouts are pointing upwards and do not break off.

Potatoes are usually grown in ridges, as these warm up better, give the tubers more space, and make it easier to cultivate the soil. The ridges are about 60 cm wide. Early potatoes can be planted as early as mid-March. In this case, it is advisable to cover them with plastic or fleece to protect the sprouts from frost.
When the plants reach a height of 15cm you have to hill potato plants.Covering potato plants with fresh, loose organic material rich earth like this can continue until the hill is as tall as you can or want to make it.

=== 3.4. Watering ===
Maintaining consistent soil moisture, rather than alternating between wet and dry conditions, is important for healthy tuber development and to prevent issues like growth cracks and malformed potatoes. Overwatering can lead to tuber problems like powdery scab and lenticel growth, as well as increased susceptibility to diseases. To ensure high yields, it's crucial to maintain a moist soil, avoiding both overwatering and allowing the soil to dry out completely, especially during the critical tuber formation and bulking stages.

=== 3.5. Fertilizing ===
It is advised to use liquid fertilizer to fertilize them every 2 weeks. To make liquid fertiliser put water and plant parts(most optimal is nettle(Urtica dioica)) in a pot and let it ferment for two weeks. Than dilute the solution with fresh water to get the ready fertilizer.

=== 3.6. Harvest ===
Before harvesting the potatoes, remove the wilted foliage above ground. If you have placed your seed tubers in mounds, harvesting should be relatively easy. Be careful when digging up potatoes planted in shallow beds, as the soil is usually compacted, so you will need to apply more force when digging. To help keep strains and injuries to a minimum, we recommend a digging fork, rather than a spade, to gently lift the potatoes out of the ground. There are also special potato forks with rounded tips to protect the tubers from punctures.

Regardless of the tool used, it is best if the soil is relatively dry when harvesting. If the soil is moist, too much of it will stick to the potatoes, and they will need to be washed before storage. Any moisture on the potatoes in storage will promote the growth of harmful fungi and lead to premature spoiling of your harvest. Bruising on potatoes, however, is not a problem as long as the potatoes are dry. The tubers are quite robust and can be stored in boxes in several layers.
Tip: Make sure you get every potato, even the small ones, out of the ground. Otherwise, the potatoes left behind can germinate, and new plants will emerge the following year − which might not be in the best interests of crop rotation or your planting plans.
Storing potatoes and preserving them after harvesting
The potato is one of those vegetables that stores well as it is, unprocessed. However, the right conditions for storage are crucial. Above all, the potatoes must be stored in a cool, dry and dark place to prevent premature germination. Humidity is also a decisive factor in ensuring that your potatoes last for a long time. High humidity, about 90%, is ideal for keeping potatoes fresh and preventing wrinkling.

=== 3.7. Potato pests ===
Various pests cause damage to potatoes, sometimes only on the plant, but often also on the tasty tubers. Here are the most common potato pests and tips on how to avoid infestations and control them.

Aphids (Aphidoidea): These small, sucking insects can cause leaf deformation on potatoes. In nature, however, they are no match for beneficial insects such as ladybirds (Coccinellidae) and lacewing larvae (Chrysoperla carnea), among others, who serve to keep the aphid numbers under control.
Wireworms (Agriotes): These dark yellow, several millimetre long beetle larvae eat deep tunnels into the nutritious tubers. Good soil preparation, an early harvest (using early variety and pre-sprouting seed potatoes), and a balanced crop rotation with a cultivation break of 4 to 5 years greatly reduces the risk of a wireworm infestation.
Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata): This beetle hibernates in the soil and lays its eggs on the underside of the leaf shortly after the first potato shoots appear. The potato beetle larvae eat entire potato plants within two to three weeks. Spraying oil of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) combats the potato beetle larvae in the young larval stages L1 to L3. It is important to check the plants regularly to spot damage in the early stages. Colorado potato beetles and their larvae can be removed by hand when they are too large for neem treatment.
Potato beetle eating potato leaf
The larvae of the Colorado potato beetle can consume the entire plant foliage in just a short time.
Potato root or potato cyst nematodes (Globodera): If potatoes are planted without a long enough cultivation break (4-5 years), harmful nematodes can colonise and repeatedly infest the roots of the plants. A severe infestation is indicated by growth disturbances and yellowing of the leaves. Small, brownish cysts appear on the roots and can survive in the soil for up to 15 years. The potato plant yields drop by up to 50%. Good crop rotation, avoiding other host plants, and using resistant varieties prevent nematode infestation.
Voles (Arvicolinae): Various species of Arvicolinae, especially the field mouse (Microtus arvalis), like to gnaw on potato tubers and can cause great damage. Above ground, individual shoots may wilt and die because their roots have been cut. Read our article on how you can deter voles to find out more about these rodents.
Many potato diseases can be prevented or limited by good crop rotation and companion planting instead of monoculture. We give tips on good companion plants for potatoes.
Fungal diseases on potatoes
Fungi cause a number of different diseases on potatoes. Here, prevention really is the best means of defence. For some diseases, however, there is no way to save the plants once the symptoms appear.

How to prevent fungal diseases on potatoes:

Choose varieties with low susceptibility
Remove potatoes that have grown from the previous year as early as possible
Chit (pre-sprout) the tubers for earlier harvesting before infestation
Keep wide row and planting distances to allow plants to dry
Apply a well-balanced fertiliser
Only harvest ripened tubers with firm skin
Use crop rotation and healthy, certified seed potatoes to prevent soil-borne fungi
In case of acute infestation, dispose of infected plants in household waste and use approved spray fungicides
Cutworms (Agrotis): The caterpillars of moths, known as cutworms, prefer to live in light, warm soils and can cause severe feeding damage to potato tubers. The grey-brown shiny cutworms, which measure up to 5cm long, curl up when touched. The moths also lay their eggs on weeds, so hoeing the potato rows is an important preventive measure. An acute infestation of cutworms on potatoes can be controlled with nematodes of the genus Steinernema carpocapsae, which are simply stirred into water and spread with a watering can.
Root rot (Rhizoctonia solani): A potato disease that causes dark, surface spots on the tubers and indented, brown spots on the stem. The plants grow stunted and produce only a few shoots. A white fungal coating can form at the base of the stem, and sometimes the leaves of the shoot tip curl up. The pathogen is soil-borne; only crop rotation prevents renewed infestation.

== 4. Prepare potatoes for consumption ==
Potatoes must be cooked or boiled soft before eaten. Only the potatoes are edible, not the leaves or the stamm. To enhance the flavour cook them in salt water and peel them.

Crops

2025-05-08T13:10:23Z

Mikaele1100: /* List of common Narcotics */

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments
* Rubber
* Forage

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

== List of common vegetables ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wild lettuce|Wild Lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; fast-growing; grows well in poor soil
|-
|[[Spinach]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; fast-growing; grows in poor soil; high in vitamins and minerals
|-
|[[Radish]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; very fast-growing; requires moderate rainfall; tolerant of poor soils
|-
|[[Kale]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; grows in poor soils; frost-tolerant; high in vitamins and fiber
|-
|[[Swiss chard]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant once established; fast-growing; edible leaves and stems
|-
|[[Carrot]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–25°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soil; can be stored in ground or cellar
|-
|[[Cabbage]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soils; cold-hardy; stores well in root cellars
|-
|[[Beetroot]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 10–25°C; tolerates poor soil; edible roots and leaves; good storage life
|-
|[[Peas]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows quickly
|}

== List of common Narcotics ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Opium poppy|Opium Poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; prefers full sun and well-drained soil; drought-tolerant once mature; source of morphine and codeine
|-
|[[Kratom]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; needs rich, moist soil and high humidity; stimulant in small doses, sedative in large doses
|-
|[[Cannabis]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; needs well-drained soil and sunlight; pain relief, appetite stimulation
|-
|[[Valerian (herb)|Valerian]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers moist, loamy soil; root used as a sedative and sleep aid
|-
|[[California poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soil; mild sedative and anti-anxiety properties
|-
|[[Blue lotus]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; 20–30°C; aquatic plant; grows in still freshwater; mild sedative and euphoriant
|-
|[[Wormwood]]
|Temperate to dry; 15–30°C; drought-resistant; grows in poor, sandy soils; used in absinthe, mild narcotic and digestive aid
|-
|[[Datura]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; toxic in high doses; used traditionally for pain relief and trance states
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Crops

2025-05-08T13:09:59Z

Mikaele1100: Added Narcotics

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments
* Rubber
* Forage

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

== List of common vegetables ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wild lettuce|Wild Lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; fast-growing; grows well in poor soil
|-
|[[Spinach]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; fast-growing; grows in poor soil; high in vitamins and minerals
|-
|[[Radish]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; very fast-growing; requires moderate rainfall; tolerant of poor soils
|-
|[[Kale]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; grows in poor soils; frost-tolerant; high in vitamins and fiber
|-
|[[Swiss chard]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant once established; fast-growing; edible leaves and stems
|-
|[[Carrot]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–25°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soil; can be stored in ground or cellar
|-
|[[Cabbage]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soils; cold-hardy; stores well in root cellars
|-
|[[Beetroot]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 10–25°C; tolerates poor soil; edible roots and leaves; good storage life
|-
|[[Peas]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows quickly
|}

== List of common Narcotics ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Opium poppy|Opium Poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; prefers full sun and well-drained soil; drought-tolerant once mature; source of morphine and codeine
|-
|[[Wild lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; prefers partial sun; grows in poor soil; sedative and mild pain relief properties
|-
|[[Kratom]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; needs rich, moist soil and high humidity; stimulant in small doses, sedative in large doses
|-
|[[Cannabis]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; needs well-drained soil and sunlight; pain relief, appetite stimulation
|-
|[[Valerian (herb)|Valerian]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers moist, loamy soil; root used as a sedative and sleep aid
|-
|[[California poppy]]
|Temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soil; mild sedative and anti-anxiety properties
|-
|[[Blue lotus]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; 20–30°C; aquatic plant; grows in still freshwater; mild sedative and euphoriant
|-
|[[Wormwood]]
|Temperate to dry; 15–30°C; drought-resistant; grows in poor, sandy soils; used in absinthe, mild narcotic and digestive aid
|-
|[[Datura]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; toxic in high doses; used traditionally for pain relief and trance states
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Black powder

2025-05-08T07:22:17Z

Mikaele1100: Added links

[[File:Black Powder-1.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Black powder in a glass jar]]
'''Black powder''', also known as '''gunpowder''', is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of [[sulfur]], [[carbon]] (in the form of [[charcoal]]) and [[potassium nitrate]] (saltpetre or saltpeter). The sulfur and carbon act as [[fuel]]s while the saltpetre is an oxidizer. Gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms, artillery, rocketry, and pyrotechnics, including use as a blasting agent for explosives in quarrying, mining, and road building.

Ignition of gunpowder packed behind a [[projectile]] generates enough pressure to force the shot from the muzzle at high speed, but usually not enough force to rupture the gun barrel. It thus makes a good propellant, but is less suitable for shattering rock or fortifications with its low-yield explosive power. Nonetheless it was widely used to fill fused artillery shells (and used in mining and civil engineering projects) until the first high explosives were put into use.

the exact chemical mix varies but the widely accepted best and most efficient is 75% saltpetre (potassium nitrate) 15% charcoal 10% sulfur. The mixing and constancy of the gun powder is important generally the finer the individual particles are the higher performance.

== Materials used ==
[[Saltpeter]] (potassium nitrate)

Softwood [[charcoal]]

[[Sulfur]]

== Crafting method ==
Mix 75% [[potassium nitrate]] (known as saltpeter or saltpetre), 15% softwood [[charcoal]], and 10% [[Sulfur|sulfur.]] Keep away from open flame

== Uses ==
Gun powder is classified as a low explosive, as the shockwave it produces is slower than the speed of sound (called deflagration, as opposed to explosion, for shockwaves faster than the speed of sound). This made it ideal for use in firearms, where a high explosive would damage the weapons and potentially the user. It has also been used in mining and excavation, as blasting powder, but was replaced by high explosives in this regard.

==Dependencies==
*[[Saltpeter]]
**[[Black powder]]

== Attached Mathematics/Physics ==

* [[Trigonometry]]
* [[Dimensional Analysis]]
* [[Pyrotechnics]]
* [[Energetics]]

==See also==
* [[Dynamite]]
* [[Fire]]
* [[Nitroglycerin]]
* [[Explosives]]
* Smokeless powder

==References==
{{wa|Gunpowder}}

[[Category:Explosives]]

Crops

2025-05-08T07:19:50Z

Mikaele1100: Added Vegetables

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments
* Rubber
* Forage

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

== List of common vegetables ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wild lettuce|Wild Lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; fast-growing; grows well in poor soil
|-
|[[Spinach]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; fast-growing; grows in poor soil; high in vitamins and minerals
|-
|[[Radish]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; very fast-growing; requires moderate rainfall; tolerant of poor soils
|-
|[[Kale]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; grows in poor soils; frost-tolerant; high in vitamins and fiber
|-
|[[Swiss chard]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant once established; fast-growing; edible leaves and stems
|-
|[[Carrot]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–25°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soil; can be stored in ground or cellar
|-
|[[Cabbage]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soils; cold-hardy; stores well in root cellars
|-
|[[Beetroot]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 10–25°C; tolerates poor soil; edible roots and leaves; good storage life
|-
|[[Peas]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows quickly
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Crops

2025-05-08T07:18:54Z

Mikaele1100: Added type of crop:Vegetables

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments
* Rubber
* Forage

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

== List of common vegetables ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lettuce]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; fast-growing; grows well in poor soil
|-
|[[Spinach]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; fast-growing; grows in poor soil; high in vitamins and minerals
|-
|[[Radish]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–20°C; very fast-growing; requires moderate rainfall; tolerant of poor soils
|-
|[[Kale]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; grows in poor soils; frost-tolerant; high in vitamins and fiber
|-
|[[Swiss chard]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 15–25°C; drought-tolerant once established; fast-growing; edible leaves and stems
|-
|[[Carrot]]
|Cool to temperate; 10–25°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soil; can be stored in ground or cellar
|-
|[[Cabbage]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows in poor soils; cold-hardy; stores well in root cellars
|-
|[[Beetroot]]
|Cool to warm temperate; 10–25°C; tolerates poor soil; edible roots and leaves; good storage life
|-
|[[Peas]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall; grows quickly
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Crops

2025-05-08T07:17:37Z

Mikaele1100:

Vanadium

2025-05-08T07:14:31Z

Mikaele1100:

'''Vanadium''' is a chemical element; It is a hard, silvery-grey, metal that is rarely found in nature but after concentration the oxidation makes it more stable, Vanadium occurs naturally in about 65 [[minerals]] and fossil [[fuel]] deposits. It is obtained in China and Russia from steel smelter slag. In other places can be produced it from magnetite directly, flue dust of heavy oil.

== Materials needed ==
Industrially, vanadium primarily comes from titanomagnetite, vanadium bearing magnetite. When such magnetite is processed for iron, vanadium is removed with the slag and then extracted. Vanadium is produced during the reduction of [[vanadium pentoxide]] with hydrogen or magnesium.

== Crafting Instructions ==
Industrially the process is roughly as follows:

# First, crush the titaniferous magnetite extracted from a mine
# Partially reduce it by mixing it with coal before being melted in a rotary furnace. This process yields a slag containing most of the [[titanium]] and [[pig iron]] containing most of the vanadium.
# The slag is removed, and the molten pig iron is then blown with oxygen to produce a new slag containing 10-18% t vanadium pentoxide.
# The vanadium pentoxide is reduced either with hydrogen, calcium, or magnesium, or it is reduced through a thermite reaction. The second method is less efficient.
# To remove the [[calcium]] after reduction, use acid leaching. [[Hydrochloric acid]] or [[Sulfuric Acid]] would work for this.
# Dry

== Uses ==
Vanadium is a transition metal used mainly to improve the properties of [[steel]]. When added in small amounts, it increases the strength, hardness, and resistance to wear and fatigue of [[steel]], making it ideal for use in construction materials, tools, automotive parts, and pipelines. It is also a key element in the production of titanium alloys, which are lightweight and strong, commonly used in the aerospace industry and in medical implants due to their biocompatibility. Another important use of vanadium is in vanadium redox flow [[batteries]], which are large-scale energy storage systems that store electricity from renewable sources like wind and solar. These batteries are valued for their long lifespan and ability to charge and discharge without degrading the active materials. Vanadium compounds are also used as catalysts in the chemical industry, especially in the production of [[sulfuric acid]].

== Dependencies ==

* [[Vanadium]]
* [[hydrochloric acid]]
* [[Sulfuric Acid]]
* [[furnace]]
* [[titaniferous magnetite]]
* [[pig iron]]

====== Writer addition ======
Is recommended to rewrite this article using this paper

[https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/5/1945]

Crops

2025-05-08T07:10:54Z

Mikaele1100: /* Agricultural classification */

Crops

2025-05-08T07:09:59Z

Mikaele1100: /* Agricultural classification */

Crops

2025-05-08T07:09:27Z

Mikaele1100: /* List of common Oilseeds */

Crops

2025-05-08T07:08:58Z

Mikaele1100: changed typos

Crops

2025-05-08T07:08:32Z

Mikaele1100: added to more families

A '''crop''' is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.

When plants of the same species are cultivated in rows or other systematic arrangements, it is called crop field or crop cultivation.
[[File:Crops in Field - geograph.org.uk - 91923.jpg|thumb|Crops in UK]]
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock.

Basic for human live, agriculture and [[farming]], is recommended to have a near source of [[water]]

== Agricultural classification ==
Plants and plant products for human use.

* Cereals
* Legumes
* Tubers
* Fruits
* Nuts
* Oilseeds
* Starches
* Fibres
* Beverages
* Narcotics
* Spices
* Condiments
* Rubber
* Forage
* Green manure and green leaf manure

== List of common cereals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Wheat]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; prefers cool, dry weather; 30–90 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Rice]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–38°C; needs flooded fields; 100–200 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Corn]]
|Warm; 18–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–90 cm); frost-sensitive
|-
|[[Barley]]
|Temperate; 12–25°C; drought-tolerant; 30–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Oats]]
|Cool, moist climates; 10–20°C; 60–120 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Sorghum]]
|Semi-arid; 25–32°C; very drought-tolerant; 40–70 cm rainfall
|-
|[[Millet]]
|Hot, dry; 25–35°C; drought-resistant; 20–60 cm rainfall
|}

== List of common legumes ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|[[Lentil]]
|Cool to semi-arid; 10–25°C; low water needs; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; good protein source
|-
|[[Chickpea]]
|Semi-arid; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; 30–60 cm rainfall; grows with minimal inputs
|-
|[[Pigeon pea]]
|Tropical; 18–38°C; very drought-tolerant; 60–100 cm rainfall; grows in poor soils; nitrogen fixer
|-
|[[Mung bean]]
|Warm; 25–35°C; fast-growing; 50–75 cm rainfall; drought-tolerant; short growing season
|-
|[[Cowpea]]
|Hot, dry climates; 20–35°C; extremely drought-resistant; 30–50 cm rainfall; thrives in poor soil
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Common bean]]
|Tropical to temperate; 18–24°C; 50–100 cm rainfall; staple survival crop; easy to dry and store
|}

== List of common Tubers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Potato]]
|Grown worldwide; best in cool temperate climates (10–20°C); adaptable; 50–100 cm rainfall; excellent storage
|-
|[[Sweet potato]]
|Tropical to warm temperate; globally cultivated; 20–30°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; good storage
|-
|[[Cassava]]
|Tropical and subtropical; widely grown in Africa, Asia, Latin America; 20–32°C; drought-tolerant; stores in ground
|-
|[[Yam]]
|Tropical; widely grown in West Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; long storage life
|-
|[[Taro]]
|Tropical to subtropical; cultivated in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands; 20–30°C; thrives in wet or flooded soils
|-
|[[Jerusalem artichoke]]
|Temperate; native to North America but now global; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; tubers store in soil
|}

== List of common fruits ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-

== List of common nuts ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Banana]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 20–35°C; needs regular rainfall or irrigation; fast-growing; year-round fruiting
|-
|[[Papaya]]
|Tropical; 20–35°C; fast-maturing; drought-tolerant once established; produces fruit in less than a year
|-
|[[Guava]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 15–30°C; hardy; tolerates drought and poor soils; nutrient-rich fruit
|-
|[[Fig]]
|Subtropical to temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant; grows in poor soils; high in fiber and minerals
|-
|[[Pomegranate]]
|Semi-arid to subtropical; 15–35°C; very drought-tolerant; long shelf life; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Date palm]]
|Hot, arid regions; 25–40°C; extremely drought-resistant; fruits store for months; calorie-dense
|-
|[[Mulberry]]
|Temperate to subtropical; 15–30°C; fast-growing; hardy; edible leaves and fruit; grows from cuttings easily
|-
|[[Apple]]
|Temperate; 5–20°C; widely cultivated globally; stores well; cold-hardy; good source of energy and fiber
|}
== List of common Oilseeds ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Climate needed
|-
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|Temperate; 15–30°C; drought-tolerant once established; 40–80 cm rainfall; fast-growing; produces edible seeds
|-
|[[Soybean]]
|Warm temperate to tropical; 20–30°C; moderate rainfall (60–120 cm); high in protein and oil; stores well
|-
|[[Canola]] (Rapeseed)
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; requires moderate rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows well in poor soils
|-
|[[Peanut]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 21–27°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); drought-tolerant; high oil content
|-
|[[Sesame]]
|Tropical to subtropical; 25–35°C; drought-tolerant; 50–100 cm rainfall; oil-rich seeds; grows in poor soils
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Cool temperate; 10–20°C; moderate rainfall (50–100 cm); rich in oil and omega-3 fatty acids; grows in poor soil
|-
|[[Coconut]]
|Tropical; 25–30°C; moderate rainfall; grows in sandy soil; high oil content; versatile in survival situations
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Temperate; 10–25°C; drought-tolerant; 50–80 cm rainfall; high oil content; useful for food, oil, and fibers
|}

====== Writer Comment ======
I will add the rest of the crops later, also it needs more aditions.

Crops

2025-05-08T07:01:26Z

Mikaele1100: middle

Crops

2025-05-08T06:58:37Z

Mikaele1100: Added Legumes to the list

Crops

2025-05-08T06:54:03Z

Mikaele1100: /* List of common legumes */

Crops

2025-05-08T06:53:37Z

Mikaele1100:

Farming

2025-05-07T22:19:30Z

Mikaele1100: added new dependency

[[File:Tacuin épeautre39.jpg|thumb|14th century manuscript depicting farming.]]

'''Farming''' is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created [[food]] surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, [[Fuel|fuels]], and [[Raw material|raw materials]], including [[rubber]]. Food classes include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, cooking oils, meat, milk, eggs, and [[fungi]].

== Dependencies ==

* [[Fertilizer]]
* [[Shovel]]
** '''Farming'''
*** [[Food]]
*** [[crops]]

== See also ==
* [[Cooking]]
* [[Hunting]]
* [[Fishing]]
* [[Gathering]]
* [[Activities]]
* [[Growing potatoes]]
* [[Fungiculture]]
* [[Compost]]

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEvpGvgSMh4 Primitive Cultivation of Sweet Potatoes: Protect From Animals :Finally Eat With Primitive Cooking] - Pre Technology, 14 July 2021, YouTube

{{wa|Farming}}

[[Category:Farming]]

User:Mikaele1100

2025-05-07T14:06:34Z

Mikaele1100:

Hello I am Mikaele1100, Kuko on Discord, I love this project and want to help it to grow, by research or giving any knowledge I have kukito1100 on Discord

Wikiciv:To do

2025-05-07T12:09:55Z

Mikaele1100: Need help for developing my article also My english is not the best

Non-comprehensive list of tasks remaining to be done in Wikiciv.

== Articles that need to be created ==
<div style="column-count:4">
* [[Algae]]
* [[Bacteria]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Boron]]
* [[Ceramic glaze]]
* [[Clothing]]
* [[Ethanol]]
* [[Ethylene glycol]]
* [[Fiberglass]]
* [[Furnace]]
* [[Graphite]]
* [[Gravity]]
* [[Iodine]]
* [[Latex]]
* [[Mercury]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Mold]]
* [[Mortar]]
* [[Oven]]
* [[Pine]]
* [[Seawater]]
* [[Silver]]
* [[Technology]]
* [[Twine]]
* [[Water filter]]
* [[Wheel]]
* [[Sulfuric acid ]]
</div>

== Articles that need expanding ==
{{main|:Category:Stubs}}
<div style="column-count:6">
* [[Bellows]]
* [[Biomass]]
* [[Bloomery furnace]]
* [[Bow drill]]
* [[Canning]]
* [[Carbonic Acid]]
* [[Cement]]
* [[Club]]
* [[Coal]]
* [[Combined cycle plant]]
* [[Coriander]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Diamond]]
* [[Dynamite]]
* [[Food preservation]]
* [[Generator]]
* [[Gravel]]
* [[Hammer]]
* [[Hand drill]]
* [[Heat]]
* [[Helium]]
* [[Hydrocarbon]]
* [[Ice]]
* [[Leather]]
* [[Lime concrete]]
* [[Limestone]]
* [[Linen]]
* [[Magnesium]]
* [[Match]]
* [[Methane]]
* [[Mud]]
* [[Nickel]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nylon]]
* [[Oil]]
* [[Panning]]
* [[Paper]]
* [[Petroleum]]
* [[Phosphorus]]
* [[Pig iron]]
* [[Potassium]]
* [[Pottery]]
* [[Pump drill]]
* [[Quartz]]
* [[Rawhide]]
* [[Refrigeration]]
* [[Rope]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sand]]
* [[Sandpaper]]
* [[Sandstone]]
* [[Scrap]]
* [[Scrap copper]]
* [[Scrap iron]]
* [[Scrap paper]]
* [[Scrap steel]]
* [[Shovel]]
* [[Sodium]]
* [[Stick]]
* [[Sugar]]
* [[Sword]]
* [[Torch]]
* [[Wool]]
* [[Wrought iron]]
* [[Zeolite]]
* [[Zinc]]
* [[Crops]]
</div>

== Articles that need categorizing ==
{{main|:Category:Uncategorized articles}}
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Activated charcoal]]
* [[Air]]
* [[Basket]]
* [[Bellows]]
* [[Bloomery furnace]]
* [[Ceramic water filter]]
* [[Kiln]]
* [[Panning]]
* [[Pottery]]
* [[Scientific Method]]
* [[Shelter]]
* [[Thread]]
</div>

== See also ==
* [[Wikiciv:About]]
* [[Wikiciv:Copyrights]]
* [[Wikiciv:Core content policies]]
* [[Wikiciv:Manual of style]]
* [[Wikiciv:Milestones]]
* [[Wikiciv:Privacy policy]]
* [[Wikiciv:Resources]]
* [[Wikiciv:Templates Index]]
* [[Wikiciv:Verification]]

[[Category:Wikiciv administration]]

Coding

2025-05-07T11:58:21Z

Mikaele1100: typp

== Introduction ==
Coding is the act of making something of your own and it is a field of computer science, like imagine if you wanted to make a game of your own or a app of your own, with programming / coding anything is possible, it has further fields too, like game development for game making , app development for app making

Programming is done in programming languages which are languages basically like english or spanish for a computer which the computer translates into machine code at runtime, this is because computers work in binary which is a numerical system with 1s and 0s

== Difficulty ==
Many people don't realize that coding / programming isn't that easy and quickly magical, it can take months or even a year if you are a slow learner, getting to making commercial apps type quality is not easy to learn in a short amount of time

== Getting a Actual Job ==
Now its difficult to get a job as a software engineer because now there are just too many, before covid , it was easier to get a job in the Programing Industry but during covid everyone had free time and now too many people know how to code

== When to call yourself a Programmer / Coder ==
Knowing how to print "Hello, World" doesn't make you a programmer, a Programmer should know how to do fairly advanced stuff like making a app or making a website, now making a frontend for websites is not that impressive because it doesn't involve that much logical reasoning, backend is impressive if done well

== Under Construction ==

====== THIS PAGE IS NOT COMPLETE , '''thanks for co-operating''' ======

=== - Burhan Yasir ===

====== Is needed more profesionalism, and perspective, try to do not mention passed events or opinions ======

Coding

2025-05-07T11:58:01Z

Mikaele1100: /* - Burhan Yasir */

== Introduction ==
Coding is the act of making something of your own and it is a field of computer science, like imagine if you wanted to make a game of your own or a app of your own, with programming / coding anything is possible, it has further fields too, like game development for game making , app development for app making

Programming is done in programming languages which are languages basically like english or spanish for a computer which the computer translates into machine code at runtime, this is because computers work in binary which is a numerical system with 1s and 0s

== Difficulty ==
Many people don't realize that coding / programming isn't that easy and quickly magical, it can take months or even a year if you are a slow learner, getting to making commercial apps type quality is not easy to learn in a short amount of time

== Getting a Actual Job ==
Now its difficult to get a job as a software engineer because now there are just too many, before covid , it was easier to get a job in the Programing Industry but during covid everyone had free time and now too many people know how to code

== When to call yourself a Programmer / Coder ==
Knowing how to print "Hello, World" doesn't make you a programmer, a Programmer should know how to do fairly advanced stuff like making a app or making a website, now making a frontend for websites is not that impressive because it doesn't involve that much logical reasoning, backend is impressive if done well

== Under Construction ==

====== THIS PAGE IS NOT COMPLETE , '''thanks for co-operating''' ======

=== - Burhan Yasir ===

====== Is needed more profesionalism, and perspectivo, try to do not mention passed events or opinions ======

Crops

2025-05-07T11:55:46Z

Mikaele1100: Basic Crop explaination and a basic structure tp add more agricultural knowledge

User:Mikaele1100

2025-05-07T11:02:36Z

Mikaele1100: Created page with "Hello I am Mikaele1100, Kuko on Discord, I love this project and want to help it to grow, by research or giving any knowledge I have"

Hello I am Mikaele1100, Kuko on Discord, I love this project and want to help it to grow, by research or giving any knowledge I have

Wikiciv:Volunteers

2025-05-07T11:00:52Z

Mikaele1100:

The following is a list of volunteers in Wikiciv. If you wish to contribute to the project, add your name by writing <nowiki>* --~~~~</nowiki> below!

* [[User:Jehan]]
* [[User:Signore Galilei]]
* [[User:Uri]]
* [[User:Oscar]]
* [[User:PolarTwin]]
* [[User:CTabarrok]]
* [[User:CASSIE]]
* [[User:Noonynoonynoo]]
* [[User:Shrimpsooup]]
* [[User:Mikaele1100]]
* [[User:Mathematician|Mathematician]] ([[User talk:Mathematician|talk]]) 04:17, 6 May 2025 (UTC)
* [[User:Lunimaine]]
* [[User:CatMeowsBack|CatMeowsBack]] ([[User talk:CatMeowsBack|talk]]) 05:24, 7 May 2025 (UTC)
== See also ==
* [[Wikiciv:Milestones]]
* [[Wikiciv:Resources]]

[[Category:Wikiciv administration]]

Vanadium

2025-05-07T10:52:19Z

Mikaele1100: Added the Dependencies Section

'''Vanadium''' is a chemical element; It is a hard, silvery-grey, the elemental metal is rarely found in nature but after being concentrated the oxidation makes it more stable, Vanadium occurs naturally in about 65 [[minerals]] and fossil [[fuel]] deposits. It is obtained in China and Russia from steel smelter slag. In other places can be produced it from magnetite directly, flue dust of heavy oil.

== Materials needed ==
Vanadium is mostly mined so you depend on the source you can get,the vanadium can be obtained processing titaniferous magnetite obtained on a mine

== Crafting Instructions ==
'''[This process is not tested personally be carefull when proceeding]'''

# First, crush the titaniferous magnetite extracted from a mine
# partially reduce it by mixing it with coal before being melted in a rotary furnace. This process yields a slag containing most of the titanium and pig iron containing most of the vanadium. The slag is removed, and the molten pig iron is then blown with oxygen to produce a new slag containing 10-18% t vanadium pentoxide.
# On this step you will depend on the way you can and desire to continue with the vanado, you can reduce using [[Calcium]] Reduction, just adding calcium powder and heating it in high preassures. The other option is a thermite reaction and try to use the same acid leaching to purify it, this second option gives lower purity.
# To remove the [[calcium]] you use acid leaching, you can use [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[Sulfuric Acid]] for example.
# Dry it on a vacum to ensure a good conservation

== Uses ==
Vanadium is a transition metal used mainly to improve the properties of [[steel]]. When added in small amounts, it increases the strength, hardness, and resistance to wear and fatigue of [[steel]], making it ideal for use in construction materials, tools, automotive parts, and pipelines. It is also a key element in the production of titanium alloys, which are lightweight and strong, commonly used in the aerospace industry and in medical implants due to their biocompatibility. Another important use of vanadium is in vanadium redox flow [[batteries]], which are large-scale energy storage systems that store electricity from renewable sources like wind and solar. These batteries are valued for their long lifespan and ability to charge and discharge without degrading the active materials. Vanadium compounds are also used as catalysts in the chemical industry, especially in the production of [[sulfuric acid]].

== Dependencies ==

* [[Vanadium]]
* [[hydrochloric acid]]
* [[Sulfuric Acid]]
* [[furnace]]
* [[titaniferous magnetite]]

====== Writer addition ======
Is recommended to rewrite this article using this paper

[https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/5/1945]