https://wikiciv.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=MichaelWikiciv - User contributions [en]2026-10-26T14:36:40ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.46.2https://wikiciv.org/index.php?title=Terra_Preta&diff=6485Terra Preta2026-08-26T14:32:48Z<p>Michael: Fully created a page</p>
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<div>''Terra preta'' (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtɛʁɐ ˈpɾetɐ], literally "black earth" in Portuguese), also known as Amazonian dark earth or Indian black earth, is a type of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soil (anthrosol) found in the Amazon Basin. In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do índio or terra preta de índio ("black soil of the Indian", "Indians' black earth"). Terra mulata ("mulatto earth") is lighter or brownish in color.<br />
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Terra preta owes its characteristic black color to its weathered charcoal content, and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bones, broken pottery, compost and manure to the low fertility Amazonian soil. A product of indigenous Amazonian soil management and slash-and-char agriculture, the charcoal is stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients<br />
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'''Content''':<br />
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* [[Clay]]<br />
* Feses<br />
* [[Fishing|Fish]]<br />
* Pot shards<br />
* [[Charcoal]]<br />
* [[Bones]]<br />
* [[Blood]]</div>Michaelhttps://wikiciv.org/index.php?title=Gravel&diff=6484Gravel2026-08-26T14:04:18Z<p>Michael: Expanded a lot</p>
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<div>[[File:Gravel 1 2017-05-14.jpg|thumb|250px|Gravel]]<br />
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'''Gravel''' is a loose aggregation of rock fragments. Gravel occurs naturally throughout the world as a result of sedimentary and erosive geologic processes; it is also produced in large quantities commercially as crushed stone. Gravel is an important commercial product with several purposes. Almost half of all gravel production is used as aggregate for [[concrete]].<br />
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Commonly,Gravel is containing quartz, limestone, granite, quartzite, and sandstone. But depending the Location it can contain different materials:<br />
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Mountainous & Volcanic AreasInside the rock: High amounts of granite, basalt, obsidian, or pumice.Special traits: This gravel is fresh and young, meaning it is highly angular and sharp. Inside volcanic gravel (like lava rock), you will find millions of gas bubbles (vesicles), making the stones incredibly lightweight.<br />
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Placer" Locations (Gold Country)Inside the mix: In specific historic river valleys or glacial deposits, gravel naturally contains heavy precious metals.Special traits: You can find flakes of [[gold]], [[platinum]], [[diamonds]], or heavy iron minerals ([[magnetite]]) wedged in between the gravel stones.<br />
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Glacial Regions (Glacial Till)Inside the rock: An unpredictable, chaotic mix. Because glaciers act like giant bulldozers, they carry rocks from hundreds of miles away. You might find metamorphic rocks mixed directly with [[limestone]].Special traits: The gravel inside is poorly sorted (massive boulders mixed with tiny pebbles) and features heavily scratched surfaces (striations) from being dragged under heavy [[ice]].<br />
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Beaches & Coastal AreasInside the rock: A heavy mix of shale, sandstone, and local coastal bedrock.Special traits: Sea gravel often includes fragmented [[seashells]], [[coral]] bits, and high [[salt]] deposits trapped in the outer pores of the stones.<br />
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Riverbeds & Streams (River Rock)Inside the rock: Mostly heavy-duty minerals like quartz and chert. Fragile rocks break down quickly in water, leaving only the hardest elements behind.Special traits: The stones are perfectly smooth and rounded from tumbling against each other.Surrounding mix: Known as "bank run gravel," it is naturally packed with river silt, fine [[sand]], and organic [[clay]].<br />
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Urban Areas & Quarries (Man-Made Gravel)Inside the rock: Usually 100% uniform limestone, dolomite, or granite mechanically blasted from the earth.Special traits: If it is "recycled gravel," it will contain crushed pieces of demolition concrete, old [[Brick|bricks]], [[glass]] shards, and bits of [[asphalt]].<br />
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== Dependencies ==<br />
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* '''Gravel'''<br />
* [[Sand]]<br />
** [[Cement]]<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Cement]]<br />
* [[Concrete]]<br />
* [[Raw material]]<br />
* [[Sand]]<br />
* [[Soils]]<br />
* [[Clay]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{wa|Gravel}}<br />
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[[Category:Soils]]<br />
[[Category:Stubs]]</div>Michaelhttps://wikiciv.org/index.php?title=Protective_Gear&diff=6483Protective Gear2026-08-26T13:47:31Z<p>Michael: Created the start</p>
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<div>Definition: The term protective equipment refers to portable or non-portable devices, clothing, and any gear, worn or held to reduce a person's exposure to hazards that can cause injury, illness, or infection.</div>Michael