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2026-09-17T13:23:02Z
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https://wikiciv.org/index.php?title=WHO_Medicine_List_in_English&diff=4086
WHO Medicine List in English
2025-05-12T11:10:56Z
<p>Elias1: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines and medical gases ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== General anaesthetics and oxygen ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Inhalational medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Halothane<br />
* Isoflurane<br />
* Nitrous oxide<br />
* Oxygen<br />
* Sevoflurane<br />
<br />
==== Injectable medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ketamine<br />
* Propofol<br />
* Thiopental<br />
<br />
=== Local anaesthetics ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Bupivacaine<br />
* Lidocaine<br />
* Lidocaine/epinephrine (lidocaine + epinephrine)<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Ephedrine<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Atropine<br />
* Midazolam<br />
* Morphine<br />
<br />
=== Medical gases ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Oxygen<br />
<br />
== Medicines for pain and palliative care ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs) ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)<br />
* Ibuprofen<br />
* Paracetamol (acetaminophen)<br />
<br />
=== Opioid analgesics ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Codeine<br />
* Fentanyl<br />
* Morphine<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Methadone<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amitriptyline<br />
* Cyclizine<br />
* Dexamethasone<br />
* Diazepam<br />
* Docusate sodium<br />
* Fluoxetine<br />
* Haloperidol<br />
* Hyoscine butylbromide<br />
* Hyoscine hydrobromide<br />
* Lactulose<br />
* Loperamide<br />
* Metoclopramide<br />
* Midazolam<br />
* Ondansetron<br />
* Senna<br />
<br />
== Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Dexamethasone<br />
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)<br />
* Hydrocortisone<br />
* Loratadine<br />
* Prednisolone<br />
<br />
== Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Non-specific ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Charcoal, activated<br />
<br />
=== Specific ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Acetylcysteine<br />
* Atropine<br />
* Calcium gluconate<br />
* Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)<br />
* Naloxone<br />
* Penicillamine<br />
* Prussian blue<br />
* Sodium nitrite<br />
* Sodium thiosulfate<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Deferoxamine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Dimercaprol<sup>α</sup><br />
* Fomepizole<sup>α</sup><br />
* Sodium calcium edetate<sup>α</sup><br />
* Succimer<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Medicines for diseases of the nervous system ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Antiseizure medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Carbamazepine<br />
* Diazepam<br />
* Lamotrigine<br />
* Levetiracetam<br />
* Lorazepam<br />
* Magnesium sulfate<br />
* Midazolam<br />
* Phenobarbital<br />
* Phenytoin<br />
* Valproic acid (sodium valproate)<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Ethosuximide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Levetiracetam<sup>α</sup><br />
* Valproic acid (sodium valproate)<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines for multiple sclerosis ===<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Cladribine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Glatiramer acetate<sup>α</sup><br />
* Rituximab<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines for parkinsonism ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Biperiden<br />
* Levodopa/carbidopa (levodopa + carbidopa)<br />
<br />
== Anti-infective medicines ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Anthelminthics ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Intestinal anthelminthics ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Albendazole<br />
* Ivermectin<br />
* Levamisole<br />
* Mebendazole<br />
* Niclosamide<br />
* Praziquantel<br />
* Pyrantel<br />
<br />
==== Antifilarials ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Albendazole<br />
* Diethylcarbamazine<br />
* Ivermectin<br />
<br />
==== Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Praziquantel<br />
* Triclabendazole<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Oxamniquine<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Cysticidal medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Albendazole<sup>α</sup><br />
* Mebendazole<sup>α</sup><br />
* Praziquantel<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Antibacterials ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Access group antibiotics ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amikacin<br />
* Amoxicillin<br />
* Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)<br />
* Ampicillin<br />
* Benzathine benzylpenicillin<br />
* Benzylpenicillin<br />
* Cefalexin<br />
* Cefazolin<br />
* Chloramphenicol<br />
* Clindamycin<br />
* Cloxacillin<br />
* Doxycycline<br />
* Gentamicin<br />
* Metronidazole<br />
* Nitrofurantoin<br />
* Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)<br />
* Procaine benzylpenicillin<br />
* Spectinomycin<br />
* Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)<br />
* Trimethoprim<br />
<br />
==== Watch group antibiotics ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Azithromycin<br />
* Cefixime<br />
* Cefotaxime<br />
* Ceftriaxone<br />
* Cefuroxime<br />
* Ciprofloxacin<br />
* Clarithromycin<br />
* Piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam)<br />
* Vancomycin<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Ceftazidime<sup>α</sup><br />
* Meropenem<sup>α</sup><br />
* Vancomycin<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Reserve group antibiotics ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Reserve antibiotics are last-resort antibiotics. The EML antibiotic book was published in 2022.<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Cefiderocol<sup>α</sup><br />
* Ceftazidime/avibactam (ceftazidime + avibactam)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Ceftolozane/tazobactam (ceftolozane + tazobactam)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Colistin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Fosfomycin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Linezolid<sup>α</sup><br />
* Meropenem/vaborbactam (meropenem + vaborbactam)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Plazomicin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Polymyxin B<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Antileprosy medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Clofazimine<br />
* Dapsone<br />
* Rifampicin<br />
<br />
==== Antituberculosis medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ethambutol<br />
* Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)<br />
* Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin)<br />
* Ethionamide<br />
* Isoniazid<br />
* Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)<br />
* Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin)<br />
* Isoniazid/rifapentine (isoniazid + rifapentine)<br />
* Moxifloxacin<br />
* Pyrazinamide<br />
* Rifabutin<br />
* Rifampicin<br />
* Rifapentine<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Amikacin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Bedaquiline<sup>α</sup><br />
* Clofazimine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Cycloserine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Delamanid<sup>α</sup><br />
* Ethionamide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Levofloxacin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Linezolid<sup>α</sup><br />
* Meropenem<sup>α</sup><br />
* Moxifloxacin<sup>α</sup><br />
* P-aminosalicylic acid (p-aminosalicylate sodium)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Pretomanid<sup>α</sup><br />
* Streptomycin<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Antifungal medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amphotericin B<br />
* Clotrimazole<br />
* Fluconazole<br />
* Flucytosine<br />
* Griseofulvin<br />
* Itraconazole<br />
* Nystatin<br />
* Voriconazole<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Micafungin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Potassium iodide<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Antiviral medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Antiherpes medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Aciclovir<br />
<br />
==== Antiretrovirals ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
===== Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Abacavir<br />
* Lamivudine<br />
* Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate<br />
* Zidovudine<br />
<br />
===== Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Efavirenz<br />
* Nevirapine<br />
<br />
===== Protease inhibitors =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Atazanavir/ritonavir (atazanavir + ritonavir)<br />
* Darunavir<br />
* Lopinavir/ritonavir (lopinavir + ritonavir)<br />
* Ritonavir<br />
<br />
===== Integrase inhibitors =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Dolutegravir<br />
* Raltegravir<br />
<br />
===== Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)<br />
* Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (dolutegravir + lamivudine + tenofovir)<br />
* Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir<br />
* Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir (efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir)<br />
* Emtricitabine/tenofovir (emtricitabine + tenofovir)<br />
* Lamivudine/zidovudine (lamivudine + zidovudine)<br />
<br />
===== Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (isoniazid + pyridoxine + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)<br />
<br />
===== Other antivirals =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ribavirin<br />
* Valganciclovir<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Oseltamivir<sup>α</sup><br />
* Valganciclovir<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Antihepatitis medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
===== Medicines for hepatitis B =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
====== Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors ======<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Entecavir<br />
* Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate<br />
<br />
===== Medicines for hepatitis C =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
====== Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations ======<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Daclatasvir<br />
* Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (daclatasvir + sofosbuvir)<br />
* Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir)<br />
* Ravidasvir<br />
* Sofosbuvir<br />
* Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir)<br />
<br />
====== Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations ======<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)<br />
<br />
====== Other antivirals for hepatitis C ======<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ribavirin<br />
<br />
=== Antiprotozoal medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Diloxanide<br />
* Metronidazole<br />
<br />
==== Antileishmaniasis medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amphotericin B<br />
* Meglumine antimoniate<br />
* Miltefosine<br />
* Paromomycin<br />
* Sodium stibogluconate<br />
<br />
==== Antimalarial medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
===== For curative treatment =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amodiaquine<br />
* Artemether<br />
* Artemether/lumefantrine (artemether + lumefantrine)<br />
* Artesunate<br />
* Artesunate/amodiaquine (artesunate + amodiaquine)<br />
* Artesunate/mefloquine (artesunate + mefloquine)<br />
* Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate (artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate)<br />
* Chloroquine<br />
* Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate)<br />
* Doxycycline<br />
* Mefloquine<br />
* Primaquine<br />
* Quinine<br />
* Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)<br />
<br />
===== For chemoprevention =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged)<br />
* Chloroquine<br />
* Doxycycline<br />
* Mefloquine<br />
* Proguanil<br />
* Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)<br />
<br />
==== Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Pyrimethamine<br />
* Sulfadiazine<br />
* Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Pentamidine<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Antitrypanosomal medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
===== African trypanosomiasis =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Fexinidazole<br />
<br />
====== Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis ======<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Pentamidine<br />
* Suramin sodium<br />
<br />
====== Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis ======<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Eflornithine<br />
* Melarsoprol<br />
* Nifurtimox<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Melarsoprol<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
===== American trypanosomiasis =====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Benznidazole<br />
* Nifurtimox<br />
<br />
=== Medicines for ectoparasitic infections ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ivermectin<br />
<br />
=== Medicines for Ebola virus disease ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ansuvimab<br />
* Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab (atoltivimab + maftivimab + odesivimab)<br />
<br />
=== Medicines for COVID-19 ===<br />
[edit]<br />
No listings in this section.<br />
<br />
== Antimigraine medicines ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== For treatment of acute attack ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)<br />
* Ibuprofen<br />
* Paracetamol (acetaminophen)<br />
* Sumatriptan<br />
<br />
=== For prophylaxis ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Propranolol<br />
<br />
== Immunomodulators and antineoplastics ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease ===<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Adalimumab<sup>α</sup><br />
* Azathioprine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Ciclosporin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Tacrolimus<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Antineoplastics and supportive medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Cytotoxic medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Arsenic trioxide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Asparaginase<sup>α</sup><br />
* Bendamustine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Bleomycin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Capecitabine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Carboplatin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Chlorambucil<sup>α</sup><br />
* Cisplatin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Cyclophosphamide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Cytarabine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Dacarbazine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Dactinomycin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Daunorubicin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Docetaxel<sup>α</sup><br />
* Doxorubicin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Doxorubicin (as pegylated liposomal)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Etoposide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Fludarabine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Fluorouracil<sup>α</sup><br />
* Gemcitabine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Ifosfamide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Irinotecan<sup>α</sup><br />
* Melphalan<sup>α</sup><br />
* Mercaptopurine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Methotrexate<sup>α</sup><br />
* Oxaliplatin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Paclitaxel<sup>α</sup><br />
* Pegaspargase<sup>α</sup><br />
* Procarbazine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Realgar ''Indigo naturalis'' formulation<sup>α</sup><br />
* Tioguanine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Vinblastine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Vincristine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Vinorelbine<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Targeted therapies ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) (ATRA)<sup>α</sup><br />
* Bortezomib<sup>α</sup><br />
* Dasatinib<sup>α</sup><br />
* Erlotinib<sup>α</sup><br />
* Everolimus<sup>α</sup><br />
* Ibrutinib<sup>α</sup><br />
* Imatinib<sup>α</sup><br />
* Nilotinib<sup>α</sup><br />
* Rituximab<sup>α</sup><br />
* Trastuzumab<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Immunomodulators ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Filgrastim<sup>α</sup><br />
* Lenalidomide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Nivolumab<sup>α</sup><br />
* Pegfilgrastim<sup>α</sup><br />
* Thalidomide<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Hormones and antihormones ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Abiraterone<sup>α</sup><br />
* Anastrozole<sup>α</sup><br />
* Bicalutamide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Dexamethasone<sup>α</sup><br />
* Hydrocortisone<sup>α</sup><br />
* Leuprorelin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Methylprednisolone<sup>α</sup><br />
* Prednisolone<sup>α</sup><br />
* Tamoxifen<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Supportive medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Allopurinol<sup>α</sup><br />
* Mesna<sup>α</sup><br />
* Rasburicase<sup>α</sup><br />
* Zoledronic acid<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Therapeutic foods ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ready-to-use therapeutic food<br />
<br />
== Medicines affecting the blood ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Antianaemia medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ferrous salt<br />
* Ferrous salt/folic acid (ferrous salt + folic acid)<br />
* Folic acid<br />
* Hydroxocobalamin<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines affecting coagulation ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Dabigatran<br />
* Enoxaparin<br />
* Heparin sodium<br />
* Phytomenadione<br />
* Protamine sulfate<br />
* Tranexamic acid<br />
* Warfarin<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Desmopressin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Heparin sodium<sup>α</sup><br />
* Protamine sulfate<sup>α</sup><br />
* Warfarin<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Deferasirox<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Deferoxamine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Blood and blood components ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Cryoprecipitate, pathogen-reduced<br />
* Fresh frozen plasma<br />
* Platelets<br />
* Red blood cells<br />
* Whole blood<br />
<br />
=== Plasma-derived medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Human immunoglobulins ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Rho(D) immune globulin (anti-D immunoglobulin)<br />
* Anti-rabies immunoglobulin<br />
* Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Normal immunoglobulin<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
==== Blood coagulation factors ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Coagulation factor VIII<sup>α</sup><br />
* Coagulation factor IX<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Plasma substitutes ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Dextran 70<br />
<br />
== Cardiovascular medicines ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Antianginal medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Bisoprolol<br />
* Glyceryl trinitrate<br />
* Isosorbide dinitrate<br />
* Verapamil<br />
<br />
=== Antiarrhythmic medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Bisoprolol<br />
* Digoxin<br />
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)<br />
* Lidocaine<br />
* Verapamil<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Amiodarone<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Antihypertensive medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amlodipine<br />
* Bisoprolol<br />
* Enalapril<br />
* Hydralazine<br />
* Hydrochlorothiazide<br />
* Lisinopril/amlodipine (lisinopril + amlodipine)<br />
* Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide)<br />
* Losartan<br />
* Methyldopa<br />
* Telmisartan/amlodipine (telmisartan + amlodipine)<br />
* Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide (telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide)<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Sodium nitroprusside<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines used in heart failure ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Bisoprolol<br />
* Digoxin<br />
* Enalapril<br />
* Furosemide<br />
* Hydrochlorothiazide<br />
* Losartan<br />
* Spironolactone<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Digoxin<sup>α</sup><br />
* Dopamine<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Antithrombotic medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Anti-platelet medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)<br />
* Clopidogrel<br />
<br />
==== Thrombolytic medicines ====<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Alteplase<sup>α</sup><br />
* Streptokinase<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Lipid-lowering agents ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Simvastatin<br />
<br />
=== Fixed-dose combinations for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Acetylsalicylic acid/atorvastatin/ramipril (acetylsalicylic acid + atorvastatin + ramipril)<br />
* Acetylsalicylic acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide (acetylsalicylic acid + simvastatin + ramipril + atenolol + hydrochlorothiazide)<br />
* Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine (atorvastatin + perindopril + amlodipine)<br />
<br />
== Dermatological medicines (topical) ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Antifungal medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Miconazole<br />
* Selenium sulfide<br />
* Sodium thiosulfate<br />
* Terbinafine<br />
<br />
=== Anti-infective medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Mupirocin<br />
* Potassium permanganate<br />
* Silver sulfadiazine<br />
<br />
=== Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Betamethasone<br />
* Calamine<br />
* Hydrocortisone<br />
<br />
=== Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Benzoyl peroxide<br />
* Calcipotriol<br />
* Coal tar<br />
* Fluorouracil<br />
* Podophyllum resin<br />
* Salicylic acid<br />
* Urea<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Methotrexate<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Scabicides and pediculicides ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Benzyl benzoate<br />
* Permethrin<br />
<br />
== Diagnostic agents ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Ophthalmic medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Fluorescein<br />
* Tropicamide<br />
<br />
=== Radiocontrast media ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amidotrizoate<br />
* Barium sulfate<br />
* Iohexol<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Barium sulfate<sup>α</sup><br />
* Meglumine iotroxate<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Antiseptics and disinfectants ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Antiseptics ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Chlorhexidine<br />
* Ethanol<br />
* Povidone iodine<br />
<br />
=== Disinfectants ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Alcohol based hand rub<br />
* Chlorine base compound<br />
* Chloroxylenol<br />
* Glutaral<br />
<br />
== Diuretics ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amiloride<br />
* Furosemide<br />
* Hydrochlorothiazide<br />
* Mannitol<br />
* Spironolactone<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Hydrochlorothiazide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Mannitol<sup>α</sup><br />
* Spironolactone<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Gastrointestinal medicines ==<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Pancreatic enzymes<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Antiulcer medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Omeprazole<br />
* Ranitidine<br />
<br />
=== Antiemetic medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Dexamethasone<br />
* Metoclopramide<br />
* Ondansetron<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Aprepitant<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Anti-inflammatory medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Sulfasalazine<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Hydrocortisone<sup>α</sup><br />
* Prednisolone<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Laxatives ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Senna<br />
<br />
=== Medicines used in diarrhoea ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Oral rehydration salts + zinc sulfate (Co-packaged)<br />
<br />
==== Oral rehydration ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Oral rehydration salts<br />
<br />
==== Medicines for diarrhoea ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Zinc sulfate<br />
<br />
== Medicines for endocrine disorders ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Fludrocortisone<br />
* Hydrocortisone<br />
<br />
=== Androgens ===<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Testosterone<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Estrogens ===<br />
[edit]<br />
No listings in this section.<br />
<br />
=== Progestogens ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Medroxyprogesterone acetate<br />
<br />
=== Medicines for diabetes ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Insulins ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Insulin injection (soluble)<br />
* Intermediate-acting insulin<br />
* Long-acting insulin analogues<br />
<br />
==== Oral hypoglycaemic agents ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Empagliflozin<br />
* Gliclazide<br />
* Metformin<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Metformin<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines for hypoglycaemia ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Glucagon<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Diazoxide<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Levothyroxine<br />
* Potassium iodide<br />
* Methimazole<br />
* Propylthiouracil<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Lugol's solution<sup>α</sup><br />
* Methimazole<sup>α</sup><br />
* Potassium iodide<sup>α</sup><br />
* Propylthiouracil<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Cabergoline<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Octreotide<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Immunologicals ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Diagnostic agents ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)<br />
<br />
=== Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies<br />
* Antivenom immunoglobulin<br />
* Diphtheria antitoxin<br />
* Equine rabies immunoglobulin<br />
<br />
=== Vaccines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
Recommendations for all<br />
<br />
* BCG vaccine<br />
* Diphtheria vaccine<br />
* Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine<br />
* Hepatitis B vaccine<br />
* Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine<br />
* Measles vaccine<br />
* Pertussis vaccine<br />
* Pneumococcal vaccine<br />
* Poliomyelitis vaccine<br />
* Rotavirus vaccine<br />
* Rubella vaccine<br />
* Tetanus vaccine<br />
<br />
Recommendations for certain regions<br />
<br />
* Japanese encephalitis vaccine<br />
* Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine<br />
* Yellow fever vaccine<br />
<br />
Recommendations for some high-risk populations<br />
<br />
* Cholera vaccine<br />
* Dengue vaccine<br />
* Hepatitis A vaccine<br />
* Meningococcal meningitis vaccine<br />
* Rabies vaccine<br />
* Typhoid vaccine<br />
<br />
Recommendations for immunization programmes with certain characteristics<br />
<br />
* Influenza vaccine (seasonal)<br />
* Mumps vaccine<br />
* Varicella vaccine<br />
<br />
== Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Atracurium<br />
* Neostigmine<br />
* Suxamethonium<br />
* Vecuronium<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Pyridostigmine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Vecuronium<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Ophthalmological preparations ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Anti-infective agents ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Aciclovir<br />
* Azithromycin<br />
* Erythromycin<br />
* Gentamicin<br />
* Natamycin<br />
* Ofloxacin<br />
* Tetracycline<br />
<br />
=== Anti-inflammatory agents ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Prednisolone<br />
<br />
=== Local anesthetics ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Tetracaine<br />
<br />
=== Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Acetazolamide<br />
* Latanoprost<br />
* Pilocarpine<br />
* Timolol<br />
<br />
=== Mydriatics ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Atropine<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations ===<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Bevacizumab<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Contraceptives ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Oral hormonal contraceptives ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel)<br />
* Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (ethinylestradiol + norethisterone)<br />
* Levonorgestrel<br />
* Ulipristal<br />
<br />
==== Injectable hormonal contraceptives ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate)<br />
* Medroxyprogesterone acetate<br />
* Norethisterone enantate<br />
<br />
==== Intrauterine devices ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Copper-containing device<br />
* Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system<br />
<br />
==== Barrier methods ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Condoms<br />
* Diaphragms<br />
<br />
==== Implantable contraceptives ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Etonogestrel-releasing implant<br />
* Levonorgestrel-releasing implant<br />
<br />
==== Intravaginal contraceptives ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel (ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel)<br />
* Progesterone vaginal ring<br />
<br />
=== Ovulation inducers ===<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Clomifene<sup>α</sup><br />
* Letrozole<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Uterotonics ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Carbetocin<br />
* Ergometrine<br />
* Mifepristone + misoprostol (Co-packaged)<br />
* Misoprostol<br />
* Oxytocin<br />
<br />
=== Antioxytocics (tocolytics) ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Nifedipine<br />
<br />
=== Other medicines administered to the mother ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Dexamethasone<br />
* Multiple micronutrient supplement<br />
* Tranexamic acid<br />
<br />
=== Medicines administered to the neonate ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Caffeine citrate<br />
* Chlorhexidine<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Ibuprofen<sup>α</sup><br />
* Prostaglandin E1<sup>α</sup><br />
* Surfactant<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Peritoneal dialysis solution ==<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Medicines used in psychotic disorders ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Fluphenazine<br />
* Haloperidol<br />
* Olanzapine<br />
* Paliperidone<br />
* Risperidone<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Clozapine<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines used in mood disorders ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Medicines used in depressive disorders ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Amitriptyline<br />
* Fluoxetine<br />
<br />
==== Medicines used in bipolar disorders ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Carbamazepine<br />
* Lithium carbonate<br />
* Quetiapine<br />
* Valproic acid (sodium valproate)<br />
<br />
=== Medicines for anxiety disorders ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Diazepam<br />
* Fluoxetine<br />
<br />
=== Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Clomipramine<br />
* Fluoxetine<br />
<br />
=== Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
==== Medicines for alcohol use disorders ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Acamprosate calcium<br />
* Naltrexone<br />
<br />
==== Medicines for nicotine use disorders ====<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Bupropion<br />
* Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)<br />
* Varenicline<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Methadone<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Medicines acting on the respiratory tract ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Antiasthmatic medicines and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Budesonide<br />
* Budesonide/formoterol (budesonide + formoterol)<br />
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)<br />
* Ipratropium bromide<br />
* Salbutamol<br />
* Tiotropium<br />
<br />
== Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Oral ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Oral rehydration salts<br />
* Potassium chloride<br />
<br />
=== Parenteral ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Glucose<br />
* Glucose with sodium chloride<br />
* Potassium chloride<br />
* Sodium chloride<br />
* Sodium hydrogen carbonate<br />
* Sodium lactate, compound solution (Ringer's lactate solution)<br />
<br />
=== Miscellaneous ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Water for injection<br />
<br />
== Vitamins and minerals ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Ascorbic acid<br />
* Calcium<br />
* Colecalciferol<br />
* Ergocalciferol<br />
* Iodine<br />
* Multiple micronutrient powder<br />
* Nicotinamide<br />
* Pyridoxine<br />
* Retinol<br />
* Riboflavin<br />
* Thiamine<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Calcium gluconate<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Ear, nose and throat medicines ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Acetic acid<br />
* Budesonide<br />
* Ciprofloxacin<br />
* Xylometazoline<br />
<br />
== Medicines for diseases of joints ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
=== Medicines used to treat gout ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Allopurinol<br />
<br />
=== Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ===<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Chloroquine<br />
<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Azathioprine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Hydroxychloroquine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Methotrexate<sup>α</sup><br />
* Penicillamine<sup>α</sup><br />
* Sulfasalazine<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
=== Medicines for juvenile joint diseases ===<br />
[edit]<br />
Complementary:<br />
<br />
* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)<br />
* Adalimumab<sup>α</sup><br />
* Methotrexate<sup>α</sup><br />
* Triamcinolone hexacetonide<sup>α</sup><br />
<br />
== Dental medicines and preparations ==<br />
[edit]<br />
<br />
* Fluoride<br />
* Glass ionomer cement<br />
* Resin-based composite (low-viscosity)<br />
* Resin-based composite (high-viscosity)<br />
* Silver diamine fluoride</div>
Elias1
https://wikiciv.org/index.php?title=WHO_Medicine_List_in_English&diff=4085
WHO Medicine List in English
2025-05-12T11:05:20Z
<p>Elias1: Created page with "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 1 1. ANAESTHETICS, PREOPERATIVE MEDICINES AND MEDICAL GASES 1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen 1.1.1 Inhalational medicines halothane Inhalation. isoflurane Inhalation. nitrous oxide Inhalation. oxygen Inhalation (medical gas). sevoflurane Inhalation. 1.1.2 Injectable medicines ketamine Injection: 50 mg/mL (as hydrochloride) in 10 mL vial. propo..."</p>
<hr />
<div>WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 1 1. ANAESTHETICS, PREOPERATIVE MEDICINES AND MEDICAL GASES 1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen 1.1.1 Inhalational medicines halothane Inhalation. isoflurane Inhalation. nitrous oxide Inhalation. oxygen Inhalation (medical gas). sevoflurane Inhalation. 1.1.2 Injectable medicines ketamine Injection: 50 mg/mL (as hydrochloride) in 10 mL vial. propofol Therapeutic alternatives: - thiopental Injection: 10 mg/mL; 20 mg/mL. 1.2 Local anaesthetics bupivacaine Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Injection: 0.25%; 0.5% (hydrochloride) in vial. Injection for spinal anaesthesia: 0.5% (hydrochloride) in 4 mL ampoule to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution. lidocaine Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Injection: 1%; 2% (hydrochloride) in vial. Injection for spinal anaesthesia: 5% (hydrochloride) in 2 mL ampoule to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution. Topical forms: 2% to 4% (hydrochloride). lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline) Dental cartridge: 2% (hydrochloride) + epinephrine 1:80 000. Injection: 1%; 2% (hydrochloride or sulfate) + epinephrine 1:200 000 in vial. Complementary List ephedrine Injection: 30 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 1 mL ampoule. (For use in spinal anaesthesia during delivery, to prevent hypotension). 1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures atropine Injection: 1 mg (sulfate) in 1 mL ampoule. midazolam Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Injection: 1 mg/mL. Oral liquid: 2 mg/mL [c]. Tablet: 7.5 mg; 15 mg. morphine Injection: 10 mg (sulfate or hydrochloride) in 1 mL ampoule. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 2 1.4 Medical gases oxygen* Inhalation For use in the management of hypoxaemia. *No more than 30% oxygen should be used to initiate resuscitation of neonates less than or equal to 32 weeks of gestation. 2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs) acetylsalicylic acid Suppository: 50 mg to 150 mg. Tablet: 100 mg to 500 mg. ibuprofen a Oral liquid: 100 mg/5 mL [c], 200 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 200 mg; 400 mg; 600 mg. a Not in children less than 3 months. paracetamol (acetaminophen)* Oral liquid: 120 mg/5 mL or 125 mg/5 mL**, 250 mg/5 mL [c]. **The presence of both 120 mg/5 mL and 125 mg/5 mL strengths on the same market would cause confusion in prescribing and dispensing and should be avoided. Suppository: 100 mg, 250 mg [c]. Tablet: 250 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg, 250 mg [c]. *Not recommended for anti-inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect. 2.2 Opioid analgesics codeine Tablet: 30 mg (phosphate). fentanyl* Transdermal patch: 12 micrograms/hr; 25 micrograms/hr; 50 micrograms/hr; 75 micrograms/hr; 100 micrograms/hr. *For the management of cancer pain morphine Therapeutic alternatives: - hydromorphone - oxycodone Granules (slow release; to mix with water): 20 mg to 200 mg (morphine sulfate). Injection: 10 mg (morphine hydrochloride or morphine sulfate) in 1 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 10 mg/5 mL (morphine hydrochloride or morphine sulfate). Tablet (slow release): 10 mg to 200mg (morphine hydrochloride or morphine sulfate). Tablet (immediate release): 10 mg (morphine sulfate). Complementary list methadone* Tablet: 5 mg; 10 mg (hydrochloride) Oral liquid: 5 mg/5 mL; 10 mg/5 mL (hydrochloride) Concentrate for oral liquid: 5 mg/mL; 10 mg/mL (hydrochloride) *For the management of cancer pain. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 3 2.3 Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care amitriptyline Tablet: 10 mg; 25 mg; 75 mg. cyclizine [c] Injection: 50 mg/mL. Tablet: 50 mg. dexamethasone Injection: 4 mg/mL (as disodium phosphate salt) in 1 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 2 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 2 mg [c]; 4 mg. diazepam Injection: 5 mg/mL. Oral liquid: 2 mg/5 mL. Rectal gel: 5 mg/mL in 0.5 mL, 2 mL, 4 mL rectal delivery system. Rectal solution: 2 mg/mL in 1.25 mL, 2.5 mL rectal tube; 4 mg/mL in 2.5 mL rectal tube. Tablet: 5 mg; 10 mg. docusate sodium Capsule: 100 mg. Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL. fluoxetine Solid oral dosage form: 20 mg (as hydrochloride). haloperidol Injection: 5 mg in 1 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 2 mg/mL. Solid oral dosage form: 0.5 mg; 2mg; 5 mg. hyoscine butylbromide Injection: 20 mg/mL. hyoscine hydrobromide [c] Injection: 400 micrograms/mL; 600 micrograms/mL. Transdermal patches: 1 mg/72 hours. lactulose [c] Oral liquid: 3.1 to 3.7 g/5 mL. loperamide Solid oral dosage form: 2 mg. metoclopramide Injection: 5 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 2 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 5 mg/5 mL. Solid oral form: 10 mg (hydrochloride). midazolam Injection: 1 mg/mL; 5 mg/mL. Oral liquid: 2mg/mL [c]. Solid oral dosage form: 7.5 mg; 15 mg. ondansetron a Therapeutic alternatives: - dolasetron - granisetron - palonosetron - tropisetron Injection: 2 mg base/mL in 2 mL ampoule (as hydrochloride). Oral liquid: 4 mg base/5 mL. Solid oral dosage form: Eq 4 mg base; Eq 8 mg base. a > 1 month. senna Oral liquid: 7.5 mg/5 mL. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 4 3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS dexamethasone Injection: 4 mg/mL (as disodium phosphate salt) in 1 mL ampoule. epinephrine (adrenaline) Injection: 1 mg/mL (as hydrochloride or hydrogen tartrate) in 1 mL ampoule. hydrocortisone Powder for injection: 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial. loratadine* Therapeutic alternatives: - cetirizine - fexofenadine Oral liquid: 1 mg/mL. Tablet: 10 mg. *There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications (EMLc). prednisolone Therapeutic alternatives: - prednisone Oral liquid: 5 mg/mL [c]. Tablet: 5 mg; 25 mg. 4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS 4.1 Non-specific charcoal, activated Powder. 4.2 Specific acetylcysteine Injection: 200 mg/mL in 10 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 10% [c]; 20% [c]. atropine Injection: 1 mg (sulfate) in 1 mL ampoule. calcium gluconate Injection: 100 mg/mL in 10 mL ampoule. methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue) Injection: 10 mg/mL in 10 mL ampoule. naloxone Injection: 400 micrograms (hydrochloride) in 1 mL ampoule. penicillamine Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg. potassium ferric hexacyano-ferrate(II) -2H2O (Prussian blue) Powder for oral administration. sodium nitrite Injection: 30 mg/mL in 10 mL ampoule. sodium thiosulfate Injection: 250 mg/mL in 50 mL ampoule. Complementary List deferoxamine Powder for injection: 500 mg (mesilate) in vial. dimercaprol Injection in oil: 50 mg/mL in 2 mL ampoule. fomepizole Injection: 5 mg/mL (sulfate) in 20 mL ampoule or 1 g/mL (base) in 1.5 mL ampoule. sodium calcium edetate Injection: 200 mg/mL in 5 mL ampoule. succimer Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 5 5. MEDICINES FOR DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 5.1 Antiseizure medicines carbamazepine Oral liquid: 100 mg/5 mL. Tablet (chewable): 100 mg; 200 mg. Tablet (scored): 100 mg; 200 mg; 400 mg. diazepam Rectal gel: 5 mg/mL in 0.5 mL, 2 mL, 4 mL rectal delivery system. Rectal solution: 2 mg/mL in 1.25 mL, 2.5 mL rectal tube; 4 mg/mL in 2.5 mL rectal tube. lamotrigine* Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg; 200 mg. Tablet (chewable, dispersible): 2 mg; 5 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg; 200 mg. *For use as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant partial or generalized seizures. levetiracetam Oral solution: 100 mg/mL Tablet: 250 mg; 500 mg; 750 mg; 1000 mg. lorazepam Therapeutic alternatives: - diazepam (injection) - midazolam (injection) Injection: 2 mg/mL in 1 mL ampoule; 4 mg/mL in 1 mL ampoule. magnesium sulfate* Injection: 0.5 g/mL in 2 mL ampoule (equivalent to 1 g in 2 mL; 50% weight/volume); 0.5 g/mL in 10 mL ampoule (equivalent to 5 g in 10 mL; 50% weight/volume). *For use in eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia and not for other convulsant disorders. midazolam Solution for oromucosal administration: 5 mg/mL in 0.5 mL, 1 mL, 1.5 mL, 2 mL pre-filled syringe; 10 mg/mL in 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, 0.75 mL, 1 mL pre-filled syringe. Injection*: 1 mg/mL in 5 mL vial; 5 mg/mL in 1 mL or 3 mL vial. *For buccal administration when solution for oromucosal administration is not available. phenobarbital Injection: 30 mg/mL or 60 mg/mL [c], 200 mg/mL (sodium). Oral liquid: 15 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 15 mg to 100 mg. phenytoin Injection: 50 mg/mL (phenytoin sodium). Oral liquid: 30 mg/5 mL (phenytoin). Solid oral dosage form: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg (phenytoin sodium). Tablet (chewable): 50 mg (phenytoin). valproic acid (sodium valproate)* *Avoid use in pregnancy and in women and girls of child-bearing potential, unless alternative treatments are ineffective or not tolerated because of the high risk of birth defects and developmental disorders in children exposed to valproate in the womb. Oral liquid: 200 mg/5 mL. Tablet (crushable): 100 mg. Tablet (enteric-coated): 200 mg; 500 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 6 Complementary List ethosuximide Capsule: 250 mg. Oral liquid: 250 mg/5 mL. levetiracetam Concentrate solution for infusion: 500 mg/5mL in 5 mL vial. Solution for infusion: 5 mg/mL; 10 mg/mL; 15 mg/mL in 100 mL bag. valproic acid (sodium valproate)* *Avoid use in pregnancy and in women and girls of child-bearing potential, unless alternative treatments are ineffective or not tolerated because of the high risk of birth defects and developmental disorders in children exposed to valproate in the womb. Injection: 100 mg/mL in 3 mL, 4 mL, 10 mL ampoule. 5.2 Medicines for multiple sclerosis Complementary List cladribine Tablet: 10 mg. glatiramer acetate Injection (subcutaneous): 20 mg/mL; 40 mg/mL in pre-filled syringe. rituximab* *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection (intravenous): 500 mg/50 mL in 50 mL vial. 5.3 Medicines for parkinsonism biperiden Therapeutic alternatives: − trihexyphenidyl Injection: 5 mg (lactate) in 1 mL ampoule. Tablet: 2 mg (hydrochloride). levodopa + carbidopa Therapeutic alternatives: − benserazide (for carbidopa) Tablet: 100 mg + 10 mg; 100 mg + 25 mg; 250 mg + 25 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 7 6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES 6.1 Anthelminthics 6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics albendazole Tablet (chewable, scored): 400 mg. ivermectin Tablet: 3 mg. levamisole Tablet: 50 mg; 150 mg (as hydrochloride). mebendazole Tablet (chewable): 100 mg; 500 mg. niclosamide Tablet (chewable): 500 mg. praziquantel Tablet: 150 mg, 500 mg Tablet (scored): 600 mg. pyrantel Tablet (chewable): 250 mg (as embonate or pamoate). 6.1.2 Antifilarials albendazole Tablet (chewable, scored): 400 mg. diethylcarbamazine Tablet: 50 mg; 100 mg (dihydrogen citrate). ivermectin Tablet: 3 mg. 6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines praziquantel Tablet: 150 mg, 500 mg. Tablet (scored): 600 mg. triclabendazole Tablet (scored): 250 mg. Complementary List oxamniquine* Capsule: 250 mg. Oral liquid: 250 mg/5 mL. *For use when praziquantel treatment fails. 6.1.4 Cysticidal medicines Complementary List albendazole Tablet (chewable): 200 mg [c]. Tablet (chewable, scored): 400 mg. mebendazole Tablet (chewable): 100 mg [c], 500 mg. praziquantel Tablet: 150 mg, 500 mg. Tablet (scored): 600 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 8 6.2 Antibacterials To assist in the development of tools for antibiotic stewardship at local, national and global levels and to reduce antimicrobial resistance, the Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics was developed – where antibiotics are classified into different groups to emphasize the importance of their appropriate use. ACCESS GROUP ANTIBIOTICS This group includes antibiotics that have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups. Selected Access group antibiotics are recommended as essential first or second choice empiric treatment options for infectious syndromes reviewed by the EML Expert Committee and are listed as individual medicines on the Model Lists to improve access and promote appropriate use. They are essential antibiotics that should be widely available, affordable and quality assured. WATCH GROUP ANTIBIOTICS This group includes antibiotic classes that have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents among the Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine and/or antibiotics that are at relatively high risk of selection of bacterial resistance. These medicines should be prioritized as key targets of stewardship programs and monitoring. Selected Watch group antibiotics are recommended as essential first or second choice empiric treatment options for a limited number of specific infectious syndromes and are listed as individual medicines on the Model Lists. RESERVE GROUP ANTIBIOTICS This group includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections due to multi-drug-resistant organisms. Reserve group antibiotics should be treated as “last resort” options. Selected Reserve group antibiotics are listed as individual medicines on the Model Lists when they have a favourable riskbenefit profile and proven activity against “Critical Priority” or “High Priority” pathogens identified by the WHO Priority Pathogens List, notably carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae. These antibiotics should be accessible, but their use should be tailored to highly specific patients and settings, when all alternatives have failed or are not suitable. These medicines could be protected and prioritized as key targets of national and international stewardship programs involving monitoring and utilization reporting, to preserve their effectiveness. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 9 6.2.1 Access group antibiotics amikacin Injection: 50 mg/mL (as sulfate) [c]; 250 mg/mL (as sulfate) in 2 mL vial. FIRST CHOICE − High-risk febrile neutropenia − Pyelonephritis or prostatitis (severe) SECOND CHOICE − Sepsis in neonates and children [c] amoxicillin Powder for injection: 250 mg; 500 mg; 1 g (as sodium) in vial. Powder for oral liquid: 125 mg/5 mL; 250 mg/5 mL (as trihydrate) [c]. Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg; 500 mg; 1g (as trihydrate). Tablet (dispersible, scored): 250 mg; 500 mg (as trihydrate) [c]. FIRST CHOICE − Community acquired pneumonia (mild to moderate) − Community acquired pneumonia (severe) [c] − Complicated severe acute malnutrition [c] − Exacerbations of COPD − Otitis media − Pharyngitis − Progressive apical dental abscess − Sepsis in neonates and children [c] − Sinusitis − Uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition [c] SECOND CHOICE − Acute bacterial meningitis amoxicillin + clavulanic acid Powder for injection: 500 mg (as sodium) + 100 mg (as potassium salt); 1000 mg (as sodium) + 200 mg (as potassium salt) in vial. Powder for oral liquid: 125 mg (as trihydrate)+ 31.25 mg (as potassium salt)/5 mL; 250 mg (as trihydrate) + 62.5 mg (as potassium salt)/5mL [c]. Tablet: 500 mg (as trihydrate) + 125 mg (as potassium salt); 875 mg (as trihydrate) + 125 mg (as potassium salt). Tablet (dispersible): 200 mg (as trihydrate) + 28.5 mg (as potassium salt) [c]; 250 mg (as trihydrate) + 62.5 mg (as potassium salt) [c]. FIRST CHOICE − Community acquired pneumonia (severe) [c] − Complicated intraabdominal infections (mild to moderate) − Exacerbations of COPD − Hospital acquired pneumonia − Low-risk febrile neutropenia − Lower urinary tract infections − Sinusitis − Skin and soft tissue infections SECOND CHOICE − Bone and joint infections − Community-acquired pneumonia (mild to moderate) − Community acquired pneumonia (severe) − Otitis media − Surgical prophylaxis WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 10 ampicillin Powder for injection: 500 mg; 1 g (as sodium) in vial. FIRST CHOICE − Community acquired pneumonia (severe) [c] − Complicated intraabdominal infections [c] − Complicated severe acute malnutrition [c] − Sepsis in neonates and children [c] SECOND CHOICE − Acute bacterial meningitis benzathine benzylpenicillin Powder for injection: 1.2 million IU (≈ 900 mg) in vial [c]; 2.4 million IU (≈ 1.8 g) in vial. FIRST CHOICE − Syphilis SECOND CHOICE benzylpenicillin Powder for injection: 600 mg (= 1 million IU); 3 g (= 5 million IU) (sodium or potassium salt) in vial. FIRST CHOICE − Community acquired pneumonia (severe) [c] − Complicated severe acute malnutrition [c] − Sepsis in neonates and children [c] − Syphilis SECOND CHOICE − Acute bacterial meningitis cefalexin Powder for oral liquid: 125 mg/5 mL; 250 mg/5 mL (anhydrous). Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg; 500 mg (as monohydrate). Tablet (dispersible): 125 mg [c]; 250 mg [c]. FIRST CHOICE − Skin and soft tissue infections SECOND CHOICE − Exacerbations of COPD − Pharyngitis cefazolin a Powder for injection: 1 g (as sodium salt) in vial. a > 1 month. FIRST CHOICE − Surgical prophylaxis SECOND CHOICE −Bone and joint infections chloramphenicol Oily suspension for injection*: 0.5 g/mL (as sodium succinate) in 2 mL ampoule. *Only for the presumptive treatment of epidemic meningitis in children older than 2 years and in adults. Powder for injection: 1 g (as sodium succinate) in vial. FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE − Acute bacterial meningitis WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 11 clindamycin Capsule: 150 mg (as hydrochloride). Injection: 150 mg/mL (as phosphate); 600 mg/4 mL (as phosphate); 900 mg/6 mL (as phosphate). Powder for oral liquid: 75 mg/5 mL (as palmitate hydrochloride) [c]. FIRST CHOICE − Necrotizing fasciitis SECOND CHOICE − Bone and joint infections cloxacillin* Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (J01CF Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins) Capsule: 250 mg [c], 500 mg; 1 g (as sodium). Powder for injection: 250 mg [c], 500 mg (as sodium) in vial. Powder for oral liquid: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL (as sodium) [c]. *cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin are preferred for oral administration due to better bioavailability. FIRST CHOICE − Bone and joint infections − Skin and soft tissue infections SECOND CHOICE − Sepsis in neonates and children [c] doxycycline a Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL (calcium) [c]. Powder for oral liquid: 25 mg/5 mL (monohydrate) [c]. Powder for injection: 100 mg in vial. Solid oral dosage form: 50 mg [c]; 100 mg (as hyclate). Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg (as monohydrate) [c]. a Use in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when no alternative exists. FIRST CHOICE − Cholera − Sexually transmitted infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis SECOND CHOICE − Cholera [c] − Community acquired pneumonia (mild to moderate) − Exacerbations of COPD gentamicin Injection: 10 mg/mL (as sulfate); 40 mg/mL (as sulfate) in 2 mL vial. FIRST CHOICE − Acute bacterial meningitis in neonates [c] − Community acquired pneumonia (severe) [c] − Complicated intraabdominal infections [c] − Complicated severe acute malnutrition [c] − Sepsis in neonates and children [c] SECOND CHOICE − Gonorrhoea − Surgical prophylaxis WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 12 metronidazole Injection: 500 mg in 100 mL vial. Oral liquid: 200 mg/5 mL (as benzoate). Suppository: 500 mg; 1 g. Tablet: 200 mg; 250 mg; 400 mg; 500 mg. FIRST CHOICE − C. difficile infection − Complicated intraabdominal infections (mild to moderate) − Complicated intrabdominal infections (severe) − Necrotizing fasciitis − Surgical prophylaxis − Trichomoniasis SECOND CHOICE − Complicated intraabdominal infections (mild to moderate) nitrofurantoin Oral liquid: 25 mg/5 mL [c]. Solid oral dosage form: 50 mg [c]; 100 mg. FIRST CHOICE − Lower urinary tract infections SECOND CHOICE phenoxymethylpenicillin Powder for oral liquid: 250 mg/5 mL (as potassium). Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg; 500 mg (as potassium). FIRST CHOICE − Community acquired pneumonia (mild to moderate) − Pharyngitis − Progressive apical dental abscess SECOND CHOICE procaine benzylpenicillin* Powder for injection: 1 g (=1 million IU); 3 g (=3 million IU) in vial. *Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable. FIRST CHOICE − Syphilis (congenital) [c] SECOND CHOICE − Syphilis spectinomycin Powder for injection: 2 g (as hydrochloride) in vial. FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE − Gonorrhoea sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim Injection: 80 mg + 16 mg/mL in 5 mL ampoule; 80 mg + 16 mg/mL in 10 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 200 mg + 40 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 100 mg + 20 mg; 400 mg + 80 mg; 800 mg + 160 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg + 20 mg [c]. FIRST CHOICE − Lower urinary tract infections SECOND CHOICE − Acute invasive diarrhoea / bacterial dysentery WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 13 trimethoprim Tablet: 100 mg; 200 mg. Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL [c]. FIRST CHOICE − Lower urinary tract infections SECOND CHOICE 6.2.2 Watch group antibiotics azithromycin Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg; 500 mg (anhydrous). Powder for oral liquid: 200 mg/5 mL (anhydrous) [c]. FIRST CHOICE − Cholera − Enteric fever − Gonorrhoea − Sexually transmitted infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis − Trachoma − Yaws SECOND CHOICE − Acute invasive bacterial diarrhoea / dysentery − Gonorrhoea cefixime Powder for oral liquid: 100 mg/5 mL [c]. Solid oral dosage form: 200 mg; 400 mg (as trihydrate). FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE − Acute invasive bacterial diarrhoea / dysentery − Gonorrhoea cefotaxime* Powder for injection: 250 mg; 500 mg; 1 g; 2 g (as sodium) in vial. *3rd generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized neonates. FIRST CHOICE − Acute bacterial meningitis − Community acquired pneumonia (severe) − Complicated intraabdominal infections (mild to moderate) − Complicated intraabdominal infections (severe) − Hospital acquired pneumonia − Pyelonephritis or prostatitis (severe) SECOND CHOICE − Bone and joint infections − Pyelonephritis or prostatitis (mild to moderate) − Sepsis in neonates and children [c] WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 14 ceftriaxone* a Powder for injection: 250 mg; 500 mg; 1 g; 2 g (as sodium) in vial. *Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinaemia. a > 41 weeks corrected gestational age. FIRST CHOICE − Acute bacterial meningitis − Community acquired pneumonia (severe) − Complicated intraabdominal infections (mild to moderate) − Complicated intrabdominal infections (severe) − Endophthalmitis − Enteric fever − Gonorrhoea − Hospital acquired pneumonia − Necrotizing fasciitis − Pyelonephritis or prostatitis (severe) SECOND CHOICE − Acute invasive bacterial diarrhoea / dysentery − Bone and joint infections − Pyelonephritis or prostatitis (mild to moderate) − Sepsis in neonates and children [c] cefuroxime Powder for injection: 250 mg; 750 mg; 1.5 g (as sodium) in vial. FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE − Surgical prophylaxis ciprofloxacin Oral liquid: 250 mg/5 mL (anhydrous) [c]. Solution for IV infusion: 2 mg/mL (as hyclate) [c]. Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg [c]; 250 mg; 500 mg (as hydrochloride). FIRST CHOICE − Acute invasive bacterial diarrhoea / dysentery − Enteric fever − Low-risk febrile neutropenia − Pyelonephritis or prostatitis (mild to moderate) SECOND CHOICE − Cholera − Complicated intraabdominal infections (mild to moderate) clarithromycin† Therapeutic alternatives: - erythromycin* *as second choice treatment for pharyngitis in children (EMLc only) Powder for oral liquid: 125 mg/5 mL; 250 mg/5 mL. Powder for injection: 500 mg in vial. Solid oral dosage form: 250 mg [c]; 500 mg. †clarithromycin is also listed for use in combination regimens for eradication of H. pylori in adults. FIRST CHOICE Community acquired pneumonia (severe) SECOND CHOICE − Pharyngitis WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 15 piperacillin + tazobactam Powder for injection: 2 g (as sodium) + 250 mg (as sodium); 4 g (as sodium) + 500 mg (as sodium) in vial. FIRST CHOICE − Complicated intraabdominal infections (severe) − High-risk febrile neutropenia − Hospital acquired pneumonia − Necrotizing fasciitis SECOND CHOICE vancomycin* Capsule: 125 mg; 250 mg (as hydrochloride). *vancomycin powder for injection may also be used for oral administration FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE − C. difficile infection Complementary List ceftazidime Powder for injection: 250 mg; 1 g (as pentahydrate) in vial. FIRST CHOICE − Endophthalmitis SECOND CHOICE meropenem* a Therapeutic alternatives*: - imipenem + cilastatin *complicated intraabdominal infections and high-risk febrile neutropenia only. Meropenem is the preferred choice for acute bacterial meningitis in neonates. Powder for injection: 500 mg (as trihydrate); 1 g (as trihydrate) in vial. a > 3 months. FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE − Acute bacterial meningitis in neonates [c] − Complicated intraabdominal infections (severe) − High-risk febrile neutropenia vancomycin Powder for injection: 250 mg; 500 mg; 1 g (as hydrochloride) in vial. FIRST CHOICE − Endophthalmitis − Necrotizing fasciitis SECOND CHOICE − High-risk febrile neutropenia 6.2.3 Reserve group antibiotics Complementary List cefiderocol Powder for injection: 1 g (as sulfate toxylate) in vial. ceftazidime + avibactam Powder for injection: 2 g + 0.5 g in vial. ceftolozane + tazobactam Powder for injection: 1 g + 0.5 g in vial. colistin Powder for injection: 1 million IU (as colistemethate sodium) (equivalent to 34 mg colistin base activity) in vial. fosfomycin Powder for injection: 2 g; 4 g (as sodium) in vial. o linezolid Therapeutic alternatives: - tedizolid phosphate Injection for intravenous administration: 2 mg/mL in 300 mL bag. Powder for oral liquid: 100 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 600 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 150 mg [c]. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 16 meropenem + vaborbactam Powder for injection: 1 g (as trihydrate) + 1 g in vial. plazomicin Injection: 500 mg/10 mL. polymyxin B Powder for injection: 500 000 IU (equivalent to 50 mg polymyxin B base) in vial. 6.2.4 Antileprosy medicines Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should never be used except in combination. Combination therapy is essential to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Colour-coded blister packs (MDT blister packs) containing standard two-medicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or three-medicine (multibacillary leprosy) combinations for adult and childhood leprosy should be used. MDT blister packs can be supplied free of charge through WHO. clofazimine Solid oral dosage form: 50 mg; 100 mg. dapsone Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. rifampicin Oral liquid: 20 mg/mL [c]. Solid oral dosage form: 150 mg; 300 mg. 6.2.5 Antituberculosis medicines WHO recommends and endorses the use of fixed-dose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixed-dose combinations, including modified dosage forms, non-refrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured pharmaceutical quality. ethambutol Tablet: 100 mg; 400 mg (hydrochloride). Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg [c] ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin Tablet: 275 mg + 75 mg + 400 mg + 150 mg. ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin Tablet: 275 mg + 75 mg + 150 mg. ethionamide Tablet: 250 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 125 mg [c]. isoniazid Tablet: 100 mg; 300 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg [c]. isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin Tablet (dispersible): 50 mg + 150 mg + 75 mg [c]. isoniazid + rifampicin Tablet: 75 mg + 150 mg; 150 mg + 300 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 50 mg + 75 mg [c]. isoniazid + rifapentine Tablet (scored): 300 mg + 300 mg. moxifloxacin Tablet: 400 mg. pyrazinamide Tablet: 400 mg; 500 mg Tablet (dispersible): 150 mg. rifabutin Solid oral dosage form: 150 mg.* *For use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors. rifampicin Oral liquid: 20 mg/mL [c]. Solid oral dosage form: 150 mg; 300 mg. rifapentine Tablet: 150 mg; 300 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 17 Complementary List Medicines for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) should be used in specialized centres adhering to WHO standards for TB control. amikacin Injection: 250 mg/mL (as sulfate) in 2 mL vial. amoxicillin + clavulanic acid* Powder for oral liquid: 250 mg (as trihydrate) + 62.5 mg (as potassium salt)/5mL [c]. Tablet: 500 mg (as trihydrate) + 125 mg (as potassium salt). *For use only in combination with meropenem or imipenem+cilastatin. bedaquiline Tablet: 20 mg [c]; 100 mg. clofazimine Solid oral dosage form: 50 mg; 100 mg. cycloserine Therapeutic alternatives: - terizidone Solid oral dosage form: 125 mg [c]; 250 mg. delamanid Tablet (dispersible): 25 mg [c]. Tablet: 50 mg. ethionamide Therapeutic alternatives: - protionamide Tablet: 250 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 125 mg [c]. levofloxacin Tablet: 250mg; 500 mg; 750 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg [c]. linezolid Tablet: 600 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 150 mg [c]. meropenem Therapeutic alternatives: - imipenem + cilastatin Powder for injection: 500 mg (as trihydrate); 1 g (as trihydrate) in vial. moxifloxacin Tablet: 400 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg [c]. p-aminosalicylate sodium Powder for oral solution: 5.52 g in sachet (equivalent to 4 g p-aminosalicylic acid). pretomanid Tablet: 200 mg. streptomycin [c] Powder for injection: 1 g (as sulfate) in vial. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 18 6.3 Antifungal medicines amphotericin B* Powder for injection: 50 mg (liposomal complex) in vial. Powder for injection: 50 mg (as sodium deoxycholate) in vial *Liposomal amphotericin B has a better safety profile than the sodium deoxycholate formulation and should be prioritized for selection and use depending on local availability and cost. clotrimazole Vaginal cream: 1%; 10%. Vaginal tablet: 100 mg; 500 mg. fluconazole Capsule: 50 mg. Injection: 2 mg/mL in vial. Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL. Powder for oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL [c]. flucytosine Capsule: 250 mg. Infusion: 2.5 g in 250 mL. griseofulvin Oral liquid: 125 mg/5 mL [c]. Solid oral dosage form: 125 mg; 250 mg. itraconazole* Capsule: 100 mg. Oral liquid: 10 mg/mL. *For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, paracoccidiodomycosis, mycoses caused by T. marneffei and chromoblastomycosis; and prophylaxis of histoplasmosis and infections caused by T. marneffei in AIDS patients. nystatin Lozenge: 100 000 IU. Oral liquid: 100 000 IU/mL [c]. Pessary: 100 000 IU. Solid oral dosage form: 500 000 IU. voriconazole* Tablet: 50 mg; 200 mg Powder for injection: 200 mg in vial Powder for oral liquid: 40 mg/mL *For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and acute invasive aspergillosis. Complementary List micafungin Therapeutic alternatives: - anidulafungin - caspofungin Powder for injection: 50 mg (as sodium); 100 mg (as sodium) in vial. potassium iodide Saturated solution. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 19 6.4 Antiviral medicines 6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines aciclovir Therapeutic alternatives: - valaciclovir (oral) Oral liquid: 200 mg/5 mL [c]. Powder for injection: 250 mg (as sodium salt) in vial. Tablet: 200 mg. 6.4.2 Antiretrovirals Based on current evidence and experience of use, medicines in the following classes of antiretrovirals are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of mother-to-child transmission, pre-exposure prophylaxsis (where indicated) and post-exposure prophylaxis). WHO emphasizes the importance of using these products in accordance with global and national guidelines. WHO recommends and endorses the use of fixed-dose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixed-dose combinations, including modified dosage forms, non-refrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured pharmaceutical quality. Scored tablets can be used in children and therefore can be considered for inclusion in the listing of tablets, provided that adequate quality products are available. 6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors abacavir Tablet: 300 mg (as sulfate). lamivudine Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL [c]. Tablet: 150 mg. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate† Tablet: 300 mg (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – equivalent to 245 mg tenofovir disoproxil). †also indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis. zidovudine Capsule: 250 mg. Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL. Solution for IV infusion: 10 mg/mL in 20 mL vial. Tablet: 300 mg. 6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors efavirenz Tablet: 600 mg. nevirapine a Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 50 mg (dispersible); 200 mg. a > 6 weeks 6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need to be determined by each country after consideration of international and national treatment guidelines and experience. Ritonavir is recommended for use in combination as a pharmacological booster, and not as an antiretroviral in its own right. All other protease inhibitors should be used in boosted forms (e.g. with ritonavir). atazanavir + ritonavir Tablet (heat stable): 300 mg (as sulfate) + 100 mg. darunavira Tablet: 75 mg; 400 mg; 600 mg; 800 mg a > 3 years lopinavir + ritonavir Solid oral dosage form: 40 mg + 10 mg [c]. Tablet (heat stable): 100 mg + 25 mg; 200 mg + 50 mg. ritonavir Tablet (heat stable): 25 mg; 100 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 20 6.4.2.4 Integrase inhibitors dolutegravir a Tablet (dispersible, scored): 10 mg [c]. a ≥ 4 weeks and ≥ 3 kg Tablet: 50 mg a ≥ 25 kg raltegravir* Granules for oral suspension: 100 mg in sachet. Tablet (chewable): 25 mg. Tablet: 400 mg. *For use in pregnant women and in second-line regimens in accordance with WHO treatemnt guidelines. 6.4.2.5 Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines abacavir + lamivudine Tablet (dispersible, scored): 120 mg (as sulfate) + 60 mg. dolutegravir + lamivudine + tenofovir Tablet: 50 mg + 300 mg + 300 mg (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – equivalent to 245 mg tenofovir disoproxil) efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir Therapeutic alternatives: - lamivudine (for emtricitabine) Tablet: 600 mg + 200 mg + 300 mg (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – equivalent to 245 mg tenofovir disoproxil). efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir Tablet: 400 mg + 300 mg + 300 mg (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – equivalent to 245 mg tenofovir disoproxil) emtricitabine + tenofovir† Therapeutic alternatives: - lamivudine (for emtricitabine) Tablet: 200 mg + 300 mg (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – equivalent to 245 mg tenofovir disoproxil). † combination also indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis lamivudine + zidovudine Tablet: 30 mg + 60 mg [c]; 150 mg + 300 mg. 6.4.2.6 Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections isoniazid + pyridoxine + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim Tablet (scored): 300 mg + 25 mg + 800 mg + 160 mg 6.4.3 Other antivirals ribavirin* Injection for intravenous administration: 800 mg and 1 g in 10 mL phosphate buffer solution. Solid oral dosage form: 200 mg; 400 mg; 600 mg. *For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers valganciclovir* Tablet: 450 mg. *For the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVr). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 21 Complementary list oseltamivir* Capsule: 30 mg; 45 mg; 75 mg (as phosphate). *Severe illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in critically ill hospitalized patients valganciclovir*[c] Powder for oral solution: 50 mg/mL Tablet: 450 mg. *For the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVr). 6.4.4 Antihepatitis medicines 6.4.4.1 Medicines for hepatitis B 6.4.4.1.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors entecavir Oral liquid: 0.05 mg/mL Tablet: 0.5 mg; 1 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Tablet: 300 mg (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – equivalent to 245 mg tenofovir disoproxil). 6.4.4.2 Medicines for hepatitis C Pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals should be considered as therapeutic alternatives for the purposes of selection and procurement at national level. 6.4.4.2.1 □ Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations daclatasvir* Tablet: 30 mg; 60 mg (as hydrochloride). *Pangenotypic when used in combination with sofosbuvir daclatasvir + sofosbuvir Tablet: 60 mg + 400 mg. glecaprevir + pibrentasvir Tablet: 100 mg + 40 mg. Granules: 50 mg + 20 mg in sachet [c]. ravidasvir* Tablet: 200 mg. *Pangenotypic when used in combination with sofosbuvir sofosbuvir* Tablet: 200 mg; 400 mg. *Pangenotypic when used in combination with daclatasvir or ravidasvir sofosbuvir + velpatasvir Tablet: 200 mg + 50 mg [c]; 400 mg + 100 mg. 6.4.4.2.2 Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations ledipasvir + sofosbuvir Tablet: 90 mg + 400 mg. 6.4.4.2.3 Other antivirals for hepatitis C ribavirin* Injection for intravenous administration: 800 mg and 1 g in 10 mL phosphate buffer solution. Solid oral dosage form: 200 mg; 400 mg; 600 mg. *For the treatment of hepatitis C, in combination with direct acting anti-viral medicines WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 22 6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines 6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines diloxanide a Tablet: 500 mg (furoate). a > 25 kg. metronidazole Therapeutic alternatives: - tinidazole Injection: 500 mg in 100 mL vial. Oral liquid: 200 mg/5 mL (as benzoate). Tablet: 200 mg; 250 mg; 400 mg; 500 mg. 6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines amphotericin B* Powder for injection: 50 mg (liposomal complex) in vial. Powder for injection: 50 mg (as sodium deoxycholate) in vial. *Liposomal amphotericin B has a better safety profile than the sodium deoxycholate formulation and should be prioritized for selection and use depending on local availability and cost. meglumine antimoniate Injection: 1.5 g/5 mL in 5 mL ampoule. miltefosine Solid oral dosage form: 10 mg; 50 mg. paromomycin Solution for intramuscular injection: 750 mg of paromomycin base (as sulfate). sodium stibogluconate Injection: 100 mg/mL in 30 mL vial. 6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines 6.5.3.1 For curative treatment Medicines for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria cases should be used in combination. The list currently recommends combinations according to treatment guidelines. WHO recognizes that not all of the fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in the WHO treatment guidelines exist, and encourages their development and rigorous testing. WHO also encourages development and testing of rectal dosage formulations. amodiaquine* Tablet: 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride). *To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg. artemether* Oily injection: 80 mg/mL in 1 mL ampoule. *For use in the management of severe malaria. artemether + lumefantrine* Tablet: 20 mg + 120 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 20 mg + 120 mg [c]. *Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 23 artesunate* Injection: ampoules, containing 60 mg anhydrous artesunic acid with a separate ampoule of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. For use in the management of severe malaria. Rectal dosage form: 50 mg [c]; 100 mg [c]; 200 mg capsules (for pre-referral treatment of severe malaria only; patients should be taken to an appropriate health facility for follow-up care) [c]. Tablet: 50 mg. *To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine. artesunate + amodiaquine* Tablet: 25 mg + 67.5 mg; 50 mg + 135 mg; 100 mg + 270 mg. *Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives. artesunate + mefloquine Tablet: 25 mg + 55 mg; 100 mg + 220 mg. artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate a Granules: 20 mg + 60 mg [c]. Tablet: 60 mg + 180 mg. a > 5 kg chloroquine* Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL (as phosphate or sulfate). Tablet: 100 mg; 150 mg (as phosphate or sulfate). *For use only for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax infection. dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate a Tablet: 20 mg + 160 mg; 40 mg + 320 mg. a > 5 kg doxycycline* Capsule: 100 mg (as hydrochloride or hyclate). Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg (as monohydrate). *For use only in combination with quinine. mefloquine* Tablet: 250 mg (as hydrochloride). *To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg. primaquine* Tablet: 7.5 mg; 15 mg (as diphosphate). *Only for use to achieve radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections, given for 14 days. quinine* Injection: 300 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 2 mL ampoule. Tablet: 300 mg (sulfate) or 300 mg (bisulfate). *For use only in the management of severe malaria and should be used in combination with doxycycline. sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine* Tablet: 500 mg + 25 mg. *Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 24 6.5.3.2 For chemoprevention amodiaquine – sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine [c] Co-packaged dispersible tablets: amodiaquine 76.5 mg (as hydrochloride) [3] and sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine 250 mg + 12.5 mg [1]; amodiaquine 153 mg (as hydrochloride) [3] and sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine 500 mg + 25 mg [1]. chloroquine* Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL (as phosphate or sulfate). Tablet: 150 mg (as phosphate or sulfate). *For use only in central American regions, for Plasmodium vivax infections. doxycycline a Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg (as hydrochloride or hyclate). a > 8 years. mefloquine a Tablet: 250 mg (as hydrochloride). a > 5 kg or > 3 months. proguanil* Tablet: 100 mg (as hydrochloride). *For use only in combination with chloroquine. sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine Tablet: 250 mg + 12.5 mg [c]; 500 mg + 25 mg. 6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines pyrimethamine Tablet: 25 mg. sulfadiazine Tablet: 500 mg. sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim Injection: 80 mg + 16 mg/mL in 5 mL ampoule; 80 mg + 16 mg/mL in 10 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 200 mg + 40 mg/5 mL [c]. Tablet: 100 mg + 20 mg; 400 mg + 80 mg [c]; 800 mg + 160 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg + 20 mg [c]. Complementary List pentamidine Tablet: 200 mg; 300 mg (as isethionate). 6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines 6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis fexinidazole* Tablet: 600 mg *For the treatment of 1 st and 2nd stage of human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis pentamidine* Powder for injection: 300 mg (as isetionate) in vial. *To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. suramin sodium* Powder for injection: 1 g in vial. *To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 25 Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis eflornithine* Injection: 200 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 50 mL bottle. *To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. melarsoprol Injection: 180 mg/5 mL in 5 mL ampoule (3.6% solution). nifurtimox * Tablet (scored): 30 mg; 120 mg. *Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. Complementary List melarsoprol [c] Injection: 180 mg/5 mL in 5 mL ampoule (3.6% solution). 6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis benznidazole Tablet: 12.5 mg [c] Tablet (scored): 50 mg; 100 mg. nifurtimox Tablet (scored): 30 mg; 120 mg. 6.6 Medicines for ectoparasitic infections ivermectin Tablet: 3 mg 6.7 Medicines for Ebola virus disease ansuvimab Powder for injection: 400 mg atoltivimab + maftivimab + odesivimab Injection: 241.7 mg + 241.7 mg + 241.7 mg in 14.5 mL vial 6.8 Medicines for COVID-19 WHO recommends that effective and safe therapeutics for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 should be considered as essential medicines in the context of the public health emergency. WHO recommendations are revised and updated regularly in WHO living guidelines for therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Selection of essential therapeutics for COVID-19 at the national level should be informed by recommendations in these guidelines, and consideration of the latest evidence, epidemiology and national priorities. The latest WHO Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline is available online at: <nowiki>https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/nBkO1E</nowiki> The latest WHO Drugs to prevent COVID-19: living guideline is available online at: <nowiki>https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/L6RxYL</nowiki> WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 26 7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES 7.1 For treatment of acute attack acetylsalicylic acid Tablet: 300 mg to 500 mg. ibuprofen [c] Oral liquid: 100 mg/5 mL [c]. Tablet: 200 mg; 400 mg. paracetamol (acetaminophen) Oral liquid: 120 mg/5 mL or 125 mg/5 mL*; 250 mg/5 mL [c]. *The presence of both 120 mg/5 mL and 125 mg/5mL strengths on the same market would cause confusion in prescribing and dispensing and should be avoided. Suppository: 250 mg [c]. Tablet: 250 mg; 325 mg; 500 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg, 250 mg [c]. sumatriptan Tablet: 50 mg 7.2 For prophylaxis propranolol Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Tablet: 20 mg; 40 mg (hydrochloride). 8. IMMUNOMODULATORS AND ANTINEOPLASTICS 8.1 Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease Complementary List adalimumab* Therapeutic alternatives*: - certolizumab pegol - etanercept - golimumab - infliximab *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: 10 mg/0.2 mL [c]; 20 mg/0.4 mL [c]; 40 mg/0.8 mL; 40 mg/0.4 mL. azathioprine Oral liquid: 10 mg/mL [c]. Powder for injection: 50 mg [c]; 100 mg (as sodium salt) in vial. Tablet: 25 mg [c]. Tablet (scored): 50 mg. ciclosporin Capsule: 25 mg. Concentrate for injection: 50 mg/mL in 1 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 100 mg/mL [c]. tacrolimus Capsule (immediate-release): 0.5 mg; 0.75 mg; 1 mg; 2 mg; 5 mg. Granules for oral supsension: 0.2 mg; 1 mg. Injection: 5 mg/mL in 1 mL vial. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 27 8.2 Antineoplastics and supportive medicines Medicines listed below should be used according to protocols for treatment of the diseases. 8.2.1 Cytotoxic medicines Complementary List arsenic trioxide Concentrate for solution for infusion: 1 mg/mL; 2 mg/mL. − Acute promyelocytic leukaemia asparaginase* *including quality-assured biosimilars Powder for injection: 10 000 IU in vial. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. bendamustine Injection: 45 mg/0.5 mL; 180 mg/2 mL. − Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia − Follicular lymphoma bleomycin Powder for injection: 15 000 IU (as sulfate) in vial. − Hodgkin lymphoma − Kaposi sarcoma − Ovarian germ cell tumour − Testicular germ cell tumour calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium) Injection: 3 mg/mL in 10 mL ampoule; 7.5 mg/mL in 2 mL ampoule; 10 mg/mL in 5 mL ampoule. Tablet: 5 mg; 15 mg; 25 mg. − Burkitt lymphoma − Early stage colon cancer − Early stage rectal cancer − Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia − Metastatic colorectal cancer − Osteosarcoma capecitabine Tablet: 150 mg; 500 mg. − Early stage colon cancer − Early stage rectal cancer − Metastatic breast cancer − Metastatic colorectal cancer carboplatin Injection: 50 mg/5 mL; 150 mg/15 mL; 450 mg/45 mL; 600 mg/60 mL. − Cervical cancer − Early stage breast cancer − Epithelial ovarian cancer − Head and neck cancer (as a radio-sensitizer) − Low-grade glioma − Nasopharyngeal cancer − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Non-small cell lung cancer − Osteosarcoma − Ovarian germ cell tumour − Retinoblastoma − Testicular germ cell tumour chlorambucil Tablet: 2 mg. − Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 28 cisplatin Injection: 10 mg/10 mL; 20 mg/20 mL; 50 mg/50 mL; 100 mg/100 mL. − Cervical cancer − Head and neck cancer (as a radio-sensitizer) − Low-grade glioma − Nasopharyngeal cancer (as a radio-sensitizer) − Non-small cell lung cancer − Osteosarcoma − Ovarian germ cell tumour − Testicular germ cell tumour cyclophosphamide Powder for injection: 500 mg; 1 g; 2 g in vial. Solid oral dosage form: 25 mg; 50 mg. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Burkitt lymphoma − Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia − Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma − Early stage breast cancer − Ewing sarcoma − Follicular lymphoma − Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia − Hodgkin lymphoma − Low-grade glioma − Metastatic breast cancer − Multiple myeloma − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Rhabdomyosarcoma cytarabine Injection: 100 mg/mL in vial Powder for injection: 100 mg in vial. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Acute myeloid leukaemia − Acute promyelocytic leukaemia − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Burkitt lymphoma − Langerhans cell histiocytosis dacarbazine Powder for injection: 100 mg; 200 mg in vial. − Hodgkin lymphoma dactinomycin Powder for injection: 500 micrograms in vial. − Ewing sarcoma − Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Rhabdomyosarcoma daunorubicin Injection: 2 mg/mL; 5 mg/mL (as hydrochloride) in vial. Powder for injection: 20 mg; 50 mg (as hydrochloride) in vial. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Acute myeloid leukaemia − Acute promyelocytic leukaemia WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 29 docetaxel Injection: 20 mg/mL; 40 mg/mL. − Early stage breast cancer − Metastatic breast cancer − Metastatic prostate cancer doxorubicin Injection: 2 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in vial. Powder for injection: 10 mg; 50 mg (hydrochloride) in vial. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Burkitt lymphoma − Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma − Early stage breast cancer − Ewing sarcoma − Follicular lymphoma − Hodgkin lymphoma − Kaposi sarcoma − Metastatic breast cancer − Multiple myeloma − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Osteosarcoma doxorubicin (as pegylated liposomal) Injection: 2 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 10 mL, 25 mL vial − Kaposi sarcoma etoposide Capsule: 50 mg, 100 mg. Injection: 20 mg/mL in 5 mL ampoule. Powder for injection: 100 mg (as phosphate) in vial − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Acute myeloid leukaemia − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Burkitt lymphoma − Ewing sarcoma − Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia − Hodgkin lymphoma − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Non-small cell lung cancer − Osteosarcoma − Ovarian germ cell tumour − Retinoblastoma − Testicular germ cell tumour fludarabine Powder for injection: 50 mg (phosphate) in vial. Tablet: 10 mg − Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. fluorouracil Injection: 50 mg/mL in vial. − Early stage breast cancer − Early stage colon cancer − Early stage rectal cancer − Metastatic colorectal cancer − Nasopharyngeal cancer gemcitabine Powder for injection: 200 mg; 1 g in vial. − Epithelial ovarian cancer − Non-small cell lung cancer WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 30 hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg [c]; 200 mg; 300 mg; 400 mg; 500 mg; 1 g. − Chronic myeloid leukaemia ifosfamide Powder for injection: 500 mg; 1 g; 2 g in vial. − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Burkitt lymphoma − Ewing sarcoma − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Ovarian germ cell tumour − Osteosarcoma − Rhabdomyosarcoma − Testicular germ cell tumour irinotecan Injection: 40 mg/2 mL in 2 mL vial; 100 mg/5 mL in 5 mL vial; 500 mg/25 mL in 25 mL vial. − Metastatic colorectal cancer − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Rhabdomyosarcoma melphalan Tablet: 2 mg Powder for injection: 50 mg in vial − Multiple myeloma mercaptopurine Tablet: 50 mg. Oral liquid: 20 mg/mL [c]. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Acute promyelocytic leukaemia. − Langerhans cell histiocytosis methotrexate Concentrated injection: 1000 mg/10 mL. Injection: 50mg/2 mL. Powder for injection: 50 mg (as sodium) in vial. Tablet: 2.5 mg (as sodium). − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Acute promyelocytic leukaemia − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Burkitt lymphoma − Early stage breast cancer − Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia − Langerhans cell histiocytosis − Osteosarcoma oxaliplatin Injection: 50 mg/10 mL in 10 mL vial; 100 mg/20 mL in 20 mL vial; 200 mg/40 mL in 40 mL vial. Powder for injection: 50 mg; 100 mg in vial. − Early stage colon cancer − Metastatic colorectal cancer WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 31 paclitaxel Injection: 6 mg/mL in vial. − Cervical cancer − Epithelial ovarian cancer − Early stage breast cancer − Metastatic breast cancer − Kaposi sarcoma − Nasopharyngeal cancer − Non-small cell lung cancer − Ovarian germ cell tumour pegaspargase* *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: 3750 units/5 mL in vial. Powder for injection: 3750 units in vial. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia procarbazine [c] Capsule: 50 mg (as hydrochloride). − Hodgkin lymphoma realgar-Indigo naturalis formulation Tablet: 270 mg (containing tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide 30 mg). − Acute promyelocytic leukaemia tioguanine [c] Solid oral dosage form: 40 mg. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia vinblastine Injection: 10 mg/10 mL (sulfate) in vial. Powder for injection: 10 mg (sulfate) in vial. − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Hodgkin lymphoma − Kaposi sarcoma − Langerhans cell histiocytosis − Low-grade glioma − Ovarian germ cell tumour − Testicular germ cell tumour vincristine Injection: 1 mg/mL (sulfate); 2 mg/2 mL (sulfate) in vial. Powder for injection: 1 mg; 5 mg (sulfate) in vial. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Burkitt lymphoma − Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma − Ewing sarcoma − Follicular lymphoma − Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia − Hodgkin lymphoma − Kaposi sarcoma − Langerhans cell histiocytosis − Low-grade glioma − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Retinoblastoma − Rhabdomyosarcoma vinorelbine Capsule: 20 mg; 30 mg; 80 mg. Injection: 10 mg/mL in 1 mL, 5 mL vial. − Non-small cell lung cancer − Metastatic breast cancer − Rhabdomyosarcoma WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 32 8.2.2 Targeted therapies Complementary List all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) Capsule: 10 mg. − Acute promyelocytic leukaemia. bortezomib Powder for injection: 3.5 mg in vial. − Multiple myeloma dasatinib Tablet: 20 mg; 50 mg; 70 mg; 80 mg; 100 mg; 140 mg. − Imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia erlotinib Therapeutic alternatives: - afatinib - gefitinib Tablet: 100 mg, 150 mg. − EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer everolimus Tablet: 2.5 mg; 5 mg; 7.5 mg; 10 mg. Tablet (dispersible): 2 mg; 3 mg; 5 mg. − Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma ibrutinib Capsule: 140 mg. − Relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia imatinib Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg; 400 mg. − Chronic myeloid leukaemia − Gastrointestinal stromal tumour − Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia nilotinib Capsule: 150 mg; 200 mg. − Imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia rituximab* *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection (intravenous): 100 mg/10 mL in 10 mL vial; 500 mg/50 mL in 50 mL vial. − Burkitt lymphoma − Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma − Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia − Follicular lymphoma trastuzumab* *including quality-assured biosimilars Powder for injection: 60 mg; 150 mg; 440 mg in vial. − Early stage HER2-positive breast cancer − Metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 33 8.2.3 Immunomodulators Complementary List filgrastim* *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: 120 micrograms/0.2 mL; 300 micrograms/0.5 mL; 480 micrograms/0.8 mL in pre-filled syringe. Injection: 300 micrograms/mL in 1 mL vial; 480 micrograms/1.6 mL in 1.6 mL vial. − Primary prophylaxis in patients at high risk for developing febrile neutropenia associated with myelotoxic chemotherapy. − Secondary prophylaxis for patients who have experienced neutropenia following prior myelotoxic chemotherapy − To facilitate administration of dose dense chemotherapy regimens lenalidomide Capsule: 25 mg. − Multiple myeloma nivolumab* Therapeutic alternatives*: - pembrolizumab *including quality-assured biosimilars Concentrate solution for infusion: 10 mg/mL. − Metastatic melanoma pegfilgrastim* *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: 6 mg/0.6 mL in pre-filled syringe. − Primary prophylaxis in patients at high risk for developing febrile neutropenia associated with myelotoxic chemotherapy − Secondary prophylaxis for patients who have experienced neutropenia following prior myelotoxic chemotherapy − To facilitate administration of dose dense chemotherapy regimens thalidomide Capsule: 50 mg. − Multiple myeloma 8.2.4 Hormones and antihormones Complementary List abiraterone Therapeutic alternatives: - enzalutamide Tablet: 250 mg; 500 mg. − Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer anastrozole Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (L02BG Aromatase inhibitors) Tablet: 1 mg. − Early stage breast cancer − Metastatic breast cancer bicalutamide Therapeutic alternatives: - flutamide - nilutamide Tablet: 50 mg. − Metastatic prostate cancer WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 34 dexamethasone Injection: 4 mg/mL (as disodium phosphate salt) in 1 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 2 mg/5 mL [c]. Tablet: 2 mg [c]; 4 mg. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Burkitt lymphoma − Multiple myeloma hydrocortisone Powder for injection: 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Burkitt lymphoma leuprorelin Therapeutic alternatives: - goserelin - triptorelin Injection: 7.5 mg; 22.5 mg in pre-filled syringe. − Early stage breast cancer − Metastatic prostate cancer. methylprednisolone [c] Injection: 40 mg/mL (as sodium succinate) in 1 mL single-dose vial and 5 mL multi-dose vials; 80 mg/mL (as sodium succinate) in 1 mL single-dose vial. − Acute lymphoblastic leukamia − Burkitt lymphoma prednisolone Therapeutic alternatives: - prednisone Oral liquid: 5 mg/mL [c]. Tablet: 5 mg; 25 mg. − Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia − Anaplastic large cell lymphoma − Burkitt lymphoma − Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia − Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma − Follicular lymphoma − Hodgkin lymphoma − Langerhans cell histiocytosis − Metastatic castration-resitsant prostate cancer − Multiple myeloma tamoxifen Tablet: 10 mg; 20 mg (as citrate). − Early stage breast cancer − Metastatic breast cancer. 8.2.5 Supportive medicines Complementary List allopurinol [c] Tablet: 100 mg; 300 mg. − Tumour lysis syndrome mesna Injection: 100 mg/mL in 4 mL and 10 mL ampoules. Tablet: 400 mg; 600 mg. − Burkitt lymphoma − Ewing sarcoma − Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) − Ovarian germ cell tumour − Osteosarcoma − Rhabdomyosarcoma − Testicular germ cell tumour WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 35 rasburicase Powder and solvent for solution for infusion: 1.5 mg; 7.5 mg in vial. − Tumour lysis syndrome zoledronic acid Concentrate solution for infusion: 4 mg/5 mL in 5 mL vial. Solution for infusion: 4 mg/100 mL in 100 mL bottle. − Malignancy-related bone disease 9. THERAPEUTIC FOODS ready-to-use therapeutic food [c] Biscuit or paste*. *of nutritional composition as determined by the UN joint statement on the community-based management of severe acute malnutrition and Codex alimentarius guidelines. 10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD 10.1 Antianaemia medicines ferrous salt Oral liquid: equivalent to 25 mg iron (as sulfate)/mL. Tablet: equivalent to 60 mg iron. ferrous salt + folic acid Tablet: equivalent to 60 mg elemental iron + 400 micrograms folic acid.* *nutritional supplement for use during pregnancy Tablet: equivalent to 60 mg elemental iron + 2.8 mg folic acid.** **for weekly iron and folic acid supplementation folic acid Tablet: 400 micrograms*; 1 mg; 5 mg. *periconceptual use for prevention of first occurrence of neural tube defects hydroxocobalamin Injection: 1 mg/mL (as acetate, as hydrochloride or as sulfate) in 1 mL ampoule. Complementary List erythropoiesis-stimulating agents* Therapeutic alternatives: - epoetin alfa, beta and theta - darbepoetin alfa - methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: pre-filled syringe 1000 IU/0.5 mL; 2000 IU/0.5 mL; 3000 IU/0.3 mL; 4000 IU/0.4 mL; 5000 IU/0.5 mL; 6000 IU/0.6 mL; 8000 IU/0.8mL; 10 000 IU/1 mL; 20 000 IU/0.5 mL; 40 000 IU/1 mL. 10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation dabigatran Therapeutic alternatives: - apixaban - edoxaban - rivaroxaban Capsule: 110 mg; 150 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 36 o enoxaparin* Therapeutic alternatives*: - dalteparin - nadroparin *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: ampoule or pre-filled syringe 20 mg/0.2 mL; 40 mg/0.4 mL; 60 mg/0.6 mL; 80 mg/0.8 mL; 100 mg/1 mL; 120 mg/0.8 mL; 150 mg/1 mL. heparin sodium Injection: 1000 IU/mL; 5000 IU/mL; 20 000 IU/mL in 1 mL ampoule. phytomenadione Injection: 1 mg/mL [c]; 10 mg/mL in ampoule. Tablet: 10 mg. protamine sulfate Injection: 10 mg/mL in 5 mL ampoule. tranexamic acid Injection: 100 mg/mL in 10 mL ampoule. warfarin Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Tablet: 1 mg; 2 mg; 5 mg (sodium). Complementary List desmopressin[c] Injection: 4 micrograms/mL (as acetate) in 1 mL ampoule. Nasal spray: 10 micrograms (as acetate) per dose. heparin sodium [c] Injection: 1000 IU/mL; 5000 IU/mL in 1 mL ampoule. protamine sulfate [c] Injection: 10 mg/mL in 5 mL ampoule. warfarin [c] Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Tablet: 0.5 mg; 1 mg; 2 mg; 5 mg (sodium). 10.3 Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies deferasirox Therapeutic alternatives: - deferiprone Tablet (dispersible): 100 mg; 125 mg; 250 mg; 400 mg; 500 mg. Tablet (film-coated): 90 mg; 180 mg; 360 mg. Complementary List deferoxamine Powder for injection: 500 mg (mesilate) in vial. hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) Solid oral dosage form: 100 mg [c]; 200 mg; 500 mg; 1 g. 11. BLOOD PRODUCTS OF HUMAN ORIGIN AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES 11.1 Blood and blood components In accordance with the World Health Assembly resolution WHA63.12, WHO recognizes that achieving self-sufficiency, unless special circumstances preclude it, in the supply of safe blood components based on voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation, and the security of that supply are important national goals to prevent blood shortages and meet the transfusion requirements of the patient population. All preparations should comply with the WHO requirements. cryoprecipitate, pathogen-reduced Therapeutic alternatives: - cryoprecipitate (not pathogen-reduced) Injection: frozen liquid in bag or lyophilized powder in vial containing: - > 50 IU Factor VIII - > 100 IU vWF - > 140 mg clottable fibrinogen per unit fresh-frozen plasma platelets red blood cells WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 37 whole blood 11.2 Plasma-derived medicines All human plasma-derived medicines should comply with the WHO requirements. 11.2.1 Human immunoglobulins anti-D immunoglobulin Injection: 250 micrograms in single-dose vial. anti-rabies immunoglobulin Injection: 150 IU/mL in vial. anti-tetanus immunoglobulin Injection: 500 IU in vial. Complementary List normal immunoglobulin Intramuscular administration: 16% protein solution. Subcutaneous administration: 15%; 16% protein solution. − Primary immune deficiency. Intravenous administration: 5%; 10% protein solution. − Primary immune deficiency − Kawasaki disease − Langerhans cell histiocytosis 11.2.2 Blood coagulation factors Complementary List coagulation factor VIII Powder for injection: 250 IU; 500 IU; 1000 IU in vial. coagulation factor IX Therapeutic alternatives: - coagulation factor IX complex Powder for injection: 500 IU; 1000 IU in vial. 11.3 Plasma substitutes dextran 70 Therapeutic alternatives: - polygeline injectable solution 3.5% Injectable solution: 6%. 12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES 12.1 Antianginal medicines bisoprolol Therapeutic alternatives: - carvedilol - metoprolol Tablet: 1.25 mg; 5 mg. glyceryl trinitrate Tablet (sublingual): 500 micrograms. isosorbide dinitrate Tablet (sublingual): 5 mg. verapamil Tablet: 40 mg; 80 mg (hydrochloride). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 38 12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines bisoprolol Therapeutic alternatives: - carvedilol - metoprolol Tablet: 1.25 mg; 5 mg. digoxin Injection: 250 micrograms/mL in 2 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 50 micrograms/mL. Tablet: 62.5 micrograms; 250 micrograms. epinephrine (adrenaline) Injection: 100 micrograms/mL (as acid tartrate or hydrochloride) in 10 mL ampoule. lidocaine Injection: 20 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 5 mL ampoule. verapamil Injection: 2.5 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 2 mL ampoule. Tablet: 40 mg; 80 mg (hydrochloride). Complementary List amiodarone Injection: 50 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 3 mL ampoule. Tablet: 100 mg; 200 mg; 400 mg (hydrochloride). 12.3 Antihypertensive medicines amlodipine Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C08CA Dihydropyridine derivatives) Tablet: 5 mg (as maleate, mesylate or besylate). bisoprolol Therapeutic alternatives: - atenolol* - carvedilol - metoprolol Tablet: 1.25 mg; 5 mg. *atenolol should not be used as a first-line agent in uncomplicated hypertension in patients > 60 years enalapril Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) Oral liquid: 1 mg/mL (as hydrogen maleate) [c]. Tablet: 2.5 mg; 5 mg; 10 mg (as hydrogen maleate). hydralazine* Powder for injection: 20 mg (hydrochloride) in ampoule. Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg (hydrochloride). *Hydralazine is listed for use only in the acute management of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the evidence of greater efficacy and safety of other medicines. hydrochlorothiazide Therapeutic alternatives: - chlorothiazide - chlorthalidone - indapamide Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL. Solid oral dosage form: 12.5 mg; 25 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 39 o lisinopril + amlodipine Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) (for lisinopril) - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C08CA Dihydropyridine derivatives) (for amlodipine) Tablet: 10 mg + 5 mg; 20 mg + 5 mg; 20 mg + 10 mg. lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) (for lisinopril) - chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, indapamide (for hydrochlorothiazide) Tablet: 10 mg + 12.5 mg; 20 mg + 12.5 mg; 20 mg + 25 mg. losartan Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09CA Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain) Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. methyldopa* Tablet: 250 mg. *Methyldopa is listed for use only in the management of pregnancyinduced hypertension. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the evidence of greater efficacy and safety of other medicines. telmisartan + amlodipine Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09CA Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain) (for telmisartan) - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C08CA Dihydropyridine derivatives) (for amlodipine) Tablet: 40 mg + 5 mg; 80 mg + 5 mg; 80 mg + 10 mg. telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09CA Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain) (for telmisartan) - chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, indapamide (for hydrochlorothiazide) Tablet: 40 mg + 12.5 mg; 80 mg + 12.5 mg; 80 mg + 25 mg. Complementary List sodium nitroprusside Powder for infusion: 50 mg in ampoule. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 40 12.4 Medicines used in heart failure bisoprolol Therapeutic alternatives: - carvedilol - metoprolol Tablet: 1.25 mg; 5 mg. digoxin Injection: 250 micrograms/mL in 2 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 50 micrograms/mL. Tablet: 62.5 micrograms; 250 micrograms. enalapril Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) Tablet: 2.5 mg; 5 mg; 10 mg (as hydrogen maleate). furosemide Therapeutic alternatives: - bumetanide - torasemide Injection: 10 mg/mL in 2 mL, 5 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 20 mg/5 mL; 50 mg/5 mL [c]. Tablet: 20 mg; 40 mg. hydrochlorothiazide Therapeutic alternatives: - chlorothiazide - chlorthalidone - indapamide Oral liquid: 50 mg/5 mL. Solid oral dosage form: 25 mg. losartan Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09CA Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain) Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. spironolactone Tablet: 25 mg. Complementary List digoxin [c] Injection: 100 micrograms/mL in 1 mL ampoule; 250 micrograms/mL in 2 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 50 micrograms/mL. Tablet: 62.5 micrograms; 125 micrograms; 250 mg micrograms. dopamine Injection: 40 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 5 mL vial. 12.5 Antithrombotic medicines 12.5.1 Anti-platelet medicines acetylsalicylic acid Tablet: 100 mg. clopidogrel Tablet: 75 mg; 300 mg 12.5.2 Thrombolytic medicines Complementary List alteplase Powder for injection: 10 mg; 20 mg; 50 mg in vial streptokinase Powder for injection: 1.5 million IU in vial. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 41 12.6 Lipid-lowering agents simvastatin* Therapeutic alternatives: - atorvastatin - fluvastatin - lovastatin - pravastatin Tablet: 5 mg; 10 mg; 20 mg; 40 mg. *For use in high-risk patients. 12.7 Fixed-dose combinations for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease acetylsalicylic acid + atorvastatin + ramipril Therapeutic alternatives: - fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin (for atorvastatin) - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) (for ramipril) Tablet: 100 mg + 20 mg + 2.5 mg; 100 mg + 20 mg + 5 mg; 100 mg + 20 mg + 10 mg; 100 mg + 40 mg + 2.5 mg; 100 mg + 40 mg + 5 mg; 100 mg + 40 mg + 10 mg. acetylsalicylic acid + simvastatin + ramipril + atenolol + hydrochlorothiazide Therapeutic alternatives: - atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin (for simvastatin) - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) (for ramipril) - bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol (for atenolol) - chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, indapamide (for hydrochlorothiazide) Tablet: 100 mg + 20 mg + 5 mg + 50 mg + 12.5 mg. atorvastatin + perindopril + amlodipine Therapeutic alternatives: - fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin (for atorvastatin) - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) (for perindopril) - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (C08CA Dihydropyridine derivatives) (for amlodipine) Tablet: 20 mg + 5 mg + 5 mg; 20 mg + 10 mg + 10 mg; 40 mg + 5 mg + 5 mg; 40 mg + 10 mg + 10 mg. 13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES 13.1 Antifungal medicines miconazole Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (D01AC Imidazole and triazole derivatives) excluding combinations Cream or ointment: 2% (nitrate). selenium sulfide Detergent-based suspension: 2%. sodium thiosulfate Solution: 15%. terbinafine Cream or ointment: 1% (hydrochloride). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 42 13.2 Anti-infective medicines mupirocin Cream: 2% (as calcium). Ointment: 2%. potassium permanganate Aqueous solution: 1:10 000. silver sulfadiazine a Cream: 1%. a > 2 months. 13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines betamethasone a Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (D07AC Corticosteroids, potent (group III)) Cream or ointment: 0.1% (as valerate). a Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates. calamine Lotion. hydrocortisone Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (D07AA Corticosteroids, weak (group I)) Cream or ointment: 1% (acetate). 13.4 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation benzoyl peroxide Cream or lotion: 5%. calcipotriol Therapeutic alternatives: - calcitriol - tacalcitol Cream or ointment: 50 micrograms/mL (0.005%). Lotion: 50 micrograms/mL (0.005%). coal tar Solution: 5%. fluorouracil Ointment: 5%. podophyllum resin Therapeutic alternatives: - podophyllotoxin Solution: 10% to 25%. salicylic acid Solution: 5%. urea Cream or ointment: 5%; 10%. Complementary List methotrexate Tablet: 2.5 mg; 10 mg (as sodium). 13.5 Scabicides and pediculicides benzyl benzoate a Therapeutic alternatives: - precipitated sulfur topical ointment Lotion: 25%. a > 2 years. permethrin Cream: 5%. Lotion: 1%. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 43 14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS 14.1 Ophthalmic medicines fluorescein Eye drops: 1% (sodium salt). tropicamide Therapeutic alternatives: - atropine - cyclopentolate Eye drops: 0.5%. 14.2 Radiocontrast media amidotrizoate Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Injection: 140 mg to 420 mg iodine/mL (as sodium or meglumine salt) in 20 mL ampoule. barium sulfate Aqueous suspension. iohexol Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Injection: 140 mg to 350 mg iodine/mL in 5 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL ampoules. Complementary List barium sulfate [c] Aqueous suspension. meglumine iotroxate Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Solution: 5 g to 8 g iodine in 100 mL to 250 mL. 15. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS 15.1 Antiseptics chlorhexidine Therapeutic alternatives to be reviewed Solution: 5% (digluconate). ethanol Therapeutic alternatives: - propanol Solution: 70% (denatured). povidone iodine Therapeutic alternatives: - iodine Solution: 10% (equivalent to 1% available iodine). 15.2 Disinfectants alcohol based hand rub Solution: containing ethanol 80% volume/volume. Solution: containing isopropyl alcohol 75% volume/volume. chlorine base compound Liquid: (0.1% available chlorine) for solution. Powder: (0.1% available chlorine) for solution. Solid: (0.1% available chlorine) for solution. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 44 o chloroxylenol Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (D08AE Phenol and derivatives) Solution: 4.8%. glutaral Solution: 2%. 16. DIURETICS amiloride Tablet: 5 mg (hydrochloride). furosemide Therapeutic alternatives: - bumetanide - torasemide Injection: 10 mg/mL in 2 mL, 5 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 20 mg/5 mL; 50 mg/5 mL [c]. Tablet: 20 mg; 40 mg. hydrochlorothiazide Therapeutic alternatives: - chlorothiazide - chlortalidone - indapamide Solid oral dosage form: 25 mg. mannitol Injectable solution: 10%; 20%. spironolactone Tablet: 25 mg. Complementary List hydrochlorothiazide[c] Therapeutic alternatives: - chlorothiazide - chlortalidone Tablet (scored): 25 mg. mannitol [c] Injectable solution: 10%; 20%. spironolactone[c] Oral liquid: 5 mg/5 mL; 10 mg/5 mL; 25 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 25 mg. 17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES Complementary List pancreatic enzymes[c] Age-appropriate formulations and doses including lipase, protease and amylase. 17.1 Antiulcer medicines omeprazole Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (A02BC Proton pump inhibitors) excluding combinations Powder for injection: 40 mg in vial Powder for oral liquid: 20 mg; 40 mg sachets. Solid oral dosage form: 10 mg; 20 mg; 40 mg. ranitidine Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (A02BA H2-receptor antagonists) excluding combinations Injection: 25 mg/mL (as hydrochloride) in 2 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 75 mg/5 mL (as hydrochloride). Tablet: 150 mg (as hydrochloride). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 45 17.2 Antiemetic medicines dexamethasone Injection: 4 mg/mL (as disodium phosphate salt) in 1 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 0.5 mg/5 mL; 2 mg/5 mL. Solid oral dosage form: 0.5 mg; 0.75 mg; 1.5 mg; 4 mg. metoclopramide a Injection: 5 mg/mL (hydrochloride) in 2 mL ampoule. Oral liquid: 5 mg/5 mL [c]. Tablet: 10 mg (hydrochloride). a Not in neonates. ondansetron a Therapeutic alternatives: - dolasetron - granisetron - palonosetron - tropisetron Injection: 2 mg base/mL in 2 mL ampoule (as hydrochloride). Oral liquid: 4 mg base/5 mL. Solid oral dosage form: Eq 4 mg base; Eq 8 mg base; Eq 24 mg base. a > 1 month. Complementary list aprepitant Capsule: 80 mg; 125 mg; 165 mg Powder for oral suspension: 125 mg in sachet 17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines sulfasalazine Therapeutic alternatives: - mesalazine Retention enema. Suppository: 500 mg. Tablet: 500 mg. Complementary List hydrocortisone Retention enema: 100 mg/60 mL. Suppository: 25 mg (acetate). prednisolone Retention enema: 20 mg/100 mL (as sodium phosphate). 17.4 Laxatives senna Therapeutic alternatives: - bisacodyl Tablet: 7.5 mg (sennosides) (or traditional dosage forms). 17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea oral rehydration salts – zinc sulfate [c] Co-package containing: ORS powder for dilution (see Section 17.5.1) – zinc sulfate solid oral dosage form 20 mg (see Section 17.5.2) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 46 17.5.1 Oral rehydration oral rehydration salts Powder for dilution in 200 mL; 500 mL; 1 L. glucose: 75 mEq sodium: 75 mEq or mmol/L chloride: 65 mEq or mmol/L potassium: 20 mEq or mmol/L citrate: 10 mmol/L osmolarity: 245 mOsm/L glucose: 13.5 g/L sodium chloride: 2.6 g/L potassium chloride: 1.5 g/L trisodium citrate dihydrate*: 2.9 g/L *trisodium citrate dihydrate may be replaced by sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate) 2.5 g/L. However, as the stability of this latter formulation is very poor under tropical conditions, it is recommended only when manufactured for immediate use. 17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea zinc sulfate* Solid oral dosage form: 20 mg. *In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts. 18. MEDICINES FOR ENDOCRINE DISORDERS 18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes fludrocortisone Tablet: 100 micrograms (acetate). hydrocortisone Tablet: 5 mg; 10 mg; 20 mg. 18.2 Androgens Complementary List testosterone Injection: 200 mg (enanthate) in 1 mL ampoule. 18.3 Estrogens 18.4 Progestogens medroxyprogesterone acetate Therapeutic alternatives: - norethisterone Tablet: 5 mg. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 47 18.5 Medicines for diabetes 18.5.1 Insulins insulin injection (soluble)* *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: 40 IU/mL in 10 mL vial; 100 IU/mL in 10 mL vial; 100 IU/mL in 3 mL cartridge or pre-filled pen. intermediate-acting insulin* *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: 40 IU/mL in 10 mL vial; 100 IU/mL in 10 mL vial; 100 IU/mL in 3 mL cartridge or pre-filled pen (as compound insulin zinc suspension or isophane insulin). long-acting insulin analogues* Therapeutic alternatives: - insulin degludec - insulin detemir - insulin glargine *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: 100 IU/mL in 3 mL cartridge or pre-filled pen. 18.5.2 Oral hypoglycaemic agents empagliflozin Therapeutic alternatives: - canagliflozin - dapagliflozin Tablet: 10 mg; 25 mg. gliclazide* Therapeutic alternatives: - 4 th level ATC chemical subgroup (A10BB Sulfonylureas) Solid oral dosage form: (controlled-release tablets) 30 mg; 60 mg; 80 mg. *glibenclamide not suitable above 60 years. metformin Tablet: 500 mg (hydrochloride). Complementary List metformin [c] Tablet: 500 mg (hydrochloride). 18.6 Medicines for hypoglycaemia glucagon Injection: 1 mg/mL. Complementary List diazoxide [c] Oral liquid: 50 mg/mL. Tablet: 50 mg. 18.7 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines levothyroxine Tablet: 25 micrograms [c]; 50 micrograms; 100 micrograms (sodium salt). potassium iodide Tablet: 60 mg. methimazole Therapeutic alternatives: - carbimazole (depending on local availability) Tablet: 5mg, 10mg, 20mg. propylthiouracil* Tablet: 50 mg. *For use when alternative first-line treatment is not appropriate or available; and in patients during the first trimester of pregnancy. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines – 23rd List (2023) page 48 Complementary List Lugol's solution [c] Oral liquid: about 130 mg total iodine/mL. methimazole [c] Therapeutic alternatives: - carbimazole (depending on local availability) Tablet: 5mg, 10mg, 20mg. potassium iodide [c] Tablet: 60 mg. propylthiouracil* [c] Tablet: 50 mg. *For use when alternative first-line treatment is not appropriate or available 18.8 Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system cabergoline Therapeutic alternatives: - bromocriptine Tablet: 0.5 mg; 1 mg. Complementary List octreotide Injection (immediate-release): 0.05 mg/mL; 0.1 mg/mL; 0.5 mg/mL (as acetate) in 1 mL vial. Injection (modified-release): 20 mg (as acetate) in vial plus diluent. 19. IMMUNOLOGICALS 19.1 Diagnostic agents All tuberculins should comply with the WHO requirements for tuberculins. tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD) Injection. 19.2 Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies All plasma fractions should comply with the WHO requirements. anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies* *including quality-assured biosimilars Injection: 40 IU/mL in 1.25 mL, 2.5 mL vial; 100 IU/mL in 2.5 mL vial (human). Injection: 300 IU/mL in 10 mL vial; 600 IU/mL in 1 mL, 2.5 mL and 5 mL vial (murine). antivenom immunoglobulin* Injection. *Exact type to be defined locally. diphtheria antitoxin Injection: 10 000 IU; 20 000 IU in vial. equine rabies immunoglobulin Injection: 150 IU/mL; 200 IU/mL; 300 IU/mL; 400 IU/mL in vial.</div>
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https://wikiciv.org/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization%27s_Essential_Medicine_List&diff=4084
World Health Organization's Essential Medicine List
2025-05-12T11:03:13Z
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[[WHO List in Englisch]]<br />
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=== 1 Anästhetika ===<br />
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{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |1.1 – Allgemeinanästhetika und Sauerstoff<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |1.1.1 Inhalationsanästhetika<br />
|-<br />
|Halothan<br />
|Inhalation<br />
|Inhalationsanästhetikum zur Einleitung und Aufrechterhaltung einer Allgemeinanästhesie (Narkose)<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Isofluran<br />
|Inhalation<br />
|Inhalationsanästhetikum zur Einleitung und Aufrechterhaltung einer Allgemeinanästhesie (Narkose)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Lachgas<br />
|Inhalation<br />
|Aufrechterhaltung einer Allgemeinanästhesie in Kombination mit anderen Anästhetika; Analgesie in der Geburtshilfe, bei Verletzungen und Schmerzen in der Palliativmedizin<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Sauerstoff<br />
|Inhalation<br />
|Aufrechterhaltung der Sauerstoffversorgung während einer Narkose, Anwendung bei Neugeborenen und Kindern, zur Reanimation und zur Behandlung von Störungen der Atmung<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |1.1.2 Injektionsanästhetika<br />
|-<br />
|Ketamin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Einleitung und Aufrechterhaltung einer Allgemeinanästhesie, Schmerzmittel<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Propofol<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Einleitung einer Allgemeinanästhesie (ersetzt 2011 das seit 1977 gelistete Thiopental, dieses wird weiter als Alternative genannt)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |1.2 – Lokalanästhetika<br />
|-<br />
|Bupivacain<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Langwirksames Lokalanästhetikum für die Infiltrationsanästhesie, periphere und sympathische Nervenblockaden, Spinal- und Epiduralanästhesie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Lidocain<br />
|Injektion, topische Formulierung<br />
|Lokalanästhesie, Zahnärztliche Eingriffe, Spinalanästhesie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Lidocain + Adrenalin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Lokalanästhesie, vor allem bei Zahneingriffen, nicht bei Eingriffen am Finger<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Ephedrin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Therapie von Blutdruckabfällen bei der Spinalanästhesie zum Kaiserschnitt<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |1.3 – Prämedikation und Sedierung<br />
|-<br />
|Atropin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Prämedikation zur Vorbeugung gegen Bradykardie<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Midazolam<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Prämedikation vor chirurgischen Eingriffen, Sedierung mit Amnesie bei endoskopischen Untersuchungen und Eingriffen in Lokalanästhesie (ersetzt 2011 das seit 1985 gelistete Diazepam)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Morphin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Schmerzmittel<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |1.4 – Medizinische Gase<br />
|-<br />
|Sauerstoff<br />
|Inhalation<br />
|Management des Sauerstoffbedarfs, Vermeidung der Hypoxämie (Nicht mehr als 30 % Sauerstoff sollte für die Initiierung der Reanimation von Neugeborenen verwendet werden, die in oder vor der 32. Schwangerschaftswoche geboren sind)<br />
|2017 (neue Indikation)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 2 Analgetika ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |2.1 Nichtopioid-Analgetika und nichtsteroidale Entzündungshemmer<br />
|-<br />
|Acetylsalicylsäure<br />
|Tablette, Zäpfchen<br />
|Leichte Schmerzen, Fieber<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Ibuprofen<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Leichte Schmerzen, Fieber<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Paracetamol<br />
|Saft, Tablette, Zäpfchen<br />
|Leichte Schmerzen, Fieber<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |2.2 Opioid-Analgetika<br />
|-<br />
|Codein<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Niedrigpotentes Analgetikum für leichte bis mittlere Schmerzen<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Fentanyl<br />
|Transdermales Pflaster<br />
|Schmerzen bei Krebserkrankungen<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Morphin<br />
|Granulat, Injektion, Saft, Tablette, Retardtablette<br />
|Hochpotentes Analgetikum zum postoperativen Einsatz und bei schweren Schmerzen<br />
Therapeutische Alternativen: Hydromorphon und Oxycodon<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Methadon<br />
(komplementär)<br />
|Tablette, Lösung zum Einnehmen<br />
|Schmerzen bei Krebserkrankungen<br />
|2017 (neue Indikation)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |2.3 In der Palliativmedizin eingesetzte Medikamente<br />
|-<br />
|Amitriptylin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Cyclizin<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Dexamethason<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Diazepam<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette, Rektalgel<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Docusat-Natrium<br />
|Kapsel, Saft<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Fluoxetin<br />
|Feste orale Form<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Haloperidol<br />
|Injektion, feste oder flüssige orale Form<br />
|<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Butylscopolaminbromid<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Scopolaminhydrobromid<br />
|Transdermales Pflaster, Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Laktulose<br />
|Saft<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Loperamid<br />
|Feste orale Form<br />
|<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Metoclopramid<br />
|Injektion, feste oder flüssige orale Form<br />
|<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Midazolam<br />
|Injektion, feste oder flüssige orale Form<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Ondansetron<br />
|Injektion, feste oder flüssige orale Form<br />
|Therapeutische Alternativen: Dolasetron, Granisetron, Palonosetron oder Tropisetron<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Senna<br />
|Saft<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 3 Therapie von Allergie und Anaphylaxie ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Dexamethason<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Kortikosteroid zur Behandlung der Allergie und Anaphylaxie<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Adrenalin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|schwere Anaphylaxie, schweres Angioödem<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrocortison<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Kombination mit Adrenalin im anaphylaktischen Schock<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Loratadin<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Unterdrückung von Histaminwirkungen für spezielle Indikationen<br />
Therapeutische Alternativen: Cetirizin oder Fexofenadin<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Prednisolon<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Entzündungshemmung bei allergischen Erkrankungen<br />
Therapeutische Alternative: Prednison<br />
|1985<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 4 Antidota ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |4.1 Unspezifische Gegengifte<br />
|-<br />
|Aktivkohle<br />
|Pulver<br />
|Antidot für perorale akute Vergiftungen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |4.2 Spezifische Gegengifte<br />
|-<br />
|Acetylcystein<br />
|Injektion, Saft<br />
|Antidot bei Paracetamol-Vergiftung<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
|Atropin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Antidot bei Organophosphat-Vergiftungen<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Calciumgluconat<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der Magnesium-Toxizität<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Methylenblau<br />
|Injektion<br />
|akute Methämoglobinämie<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Naloxon<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Opioid-Antidot<br />
|1983<br />
|-<br />
|Penicillamin<br />
|Kapsel oder Tablette<br />
|Bleivergiftung<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Eisen(III)-hexacyanoferrat<br />
|Pulver für die orale Gabe<br />
|Thallium-Vergiftung<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Natriumnitrit<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Antidot bei Cyanid-Vergiftung<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Natriumthiosulfat<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Antidot bei Cyanid-Vergiftung<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Deferoxamin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zu Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der akuten Eisenvergiftung sowie chronischer Eisen- und Aluminium-Überladung<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Dimercaprol (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Schwermetallvergiftungen, außer Eisen, Cadmium oder Selen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Fomepizol (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Vergiftungen mit Ethylenglycol oder Methanol<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|EDTA (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Schwermetallvergiftungen, Bleivergiftung<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Succimer (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette oder Kapsel<br />
|Schwermetallvergiftungen<br />
|2011<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 5 Antiepileptika ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Carbamazepin<br />
|Saft, Kautablette oder teilbare Tablette<br />
|Generalisierte tonisch-klonische sowie fokale Krampfanfälle, Trigeminusneuralgie<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Diazepam<br />
|rektales Gel oder Zäpfchen<br />
|Status epilepticus<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Lamotrigin<br />
|Tablette, Kau- oder Disperstablette<br />
|Als Ergänzungstherapie bei therapieresistenten partiellen oder generalisierten Anfällen.<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Lorazepam<br />
|Injektionslösung<br />
|Therapeutische Alternativen: Diazepam (Injektionslösung) – Midazolam (Injektionslösung)<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Magnesiumsulfat<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Eklampsie, schwere Präeklampsie, nicht bei anderen epileptischen Erkrankungen<br />
|2003<br />
|-<br />
|Midazolam<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Phenobarbital<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Alle Formen der Epilepsie, außer Absencen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Phenytoin<br />
|Injektion, feste oder flüssige orale Form, Kautablette<br />
|Alle Formen der Epilepsie, außer Absencen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Valproat<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Kontrolle der Epilepsie<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Ethosuximid (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Saft<br />
|Absencen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Valproinsäure (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2015<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 6 Wirkstoffe gegen Infektionskrankheiten ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.1 Wurmmittel (Anthelminthika)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.1.1 Intestinale Anthelminthika<br />
|-<br />
|Albendazol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Wurmerkrankungen: Echinokokkose (soweit nicht chirurgisch zugängig), Zystizerkose, Infektionen mit Haken- und Fadenwürmern, Ascariasis, Strongyloidiasis, Enterobiasis, Trichuriasis, Capillariasis, Filariose<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Ivermectin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2017 (neue Indikation)<br />
|-<br />
|Levamisol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Spul- und Fadenwurminfektionen<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Mebendazol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Wurmerkrankungen mit Maden-, Faden- und Hakenwürmern<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Niclosamid<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Bandwurminfektionen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Praziquantel<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Saug- und Bandwurminfektionen<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Pyrantel<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Wurmerkrankungen mit Maden-, Peitschen- und Hakenwürmern<br />
|1983<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.1.2 Mittel gegen Fadenwürmer<br />
|-<br />
|Albendazol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Wurmerkrankungen: Echinokokkose (soweit nicht chirurgisch zugängig), Zystizerkose, Infektionen mit Haken- und Fadenwürmern, Ascariasis, Strongyloidiasis, Enterobiasis, Trichuriasis, Capillariasis, Filariose<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Diethylcarbamazin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Filariose u. a. der Loiasis<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Ivermectin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Onchozerkose und Filariose<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.1.3 Mittel gegen Schistosoma (Pärchenegel) und Trematoda (Saugwürmer)<br />
|-<br />
|Praziquantel<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Schistosomiasis (Bilharziose) des Darm- und Urogenitaltraktes<br />
|1983<br />
|-<br />
|Triclabendazol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Fasziolose und Paragonimiasis<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Oxamniquin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Saft<br />
|Behandlung von Infektionen mit Schistosoma mansoni<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.2 Antibakterielle Wirkstoffe (Antibiotika)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.2.1 Access-Gruppe<br />
|-<br />
|Amikacin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der Pyelonephritis und Neutropenie<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Amoxicillin<br />
|Kapsel, Pulver<br />
|Behandlung eines breiten Spektrums von Erregern bei akuten Atemwegsinfekten, Harnwegsinfekten, Sinusitiden, Infektionen mit Chlamydien oder Helicobacter pylori<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Amoxicillin + Clavulansäure<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Infektionen mit β-Laktamase-produzierenden Keimen<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Ampicillin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der Peritonitis, Meningitis, Endokarditis<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Benzathin-Benzylpenicillin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Prophylaxe des rheumatischen Fiebers, Syphilis, Diphtherie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Benzylpenicillin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Infektionen mit Streptokokken, Meningokokken, Treponemen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Cefalexin<br />
|Kapsel, Pulver für Saft<br />
|(Einsatz bei Kindern)<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Cefazolin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Prophylaxe von chirurgischen Infektionen<br />
|k. A.<br />
|-<br />
|Chloramphenicol<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Injektionslösung, Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Infektionen mit diversen Bakterien, unter anderem Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella typhi, Borrelien, Hirnhautentzündung mit Meningokokken<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Clindamycin<br />
|Injektionslösung, Kapsel, Saft<br />
|Infektionen<br />
|1992<br />
|-<br />
|Cloxacillin<br />
|Kapsel, Pulver für Saft, Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Penicillinase-fester Wirkstoff zur Behandlung verschiedener Staphylokokken-Infektion<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Doxycyclin<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Tetracyclin, Einsatz bei einer Vielzahl von Infektionen, speziell bei Chlamydien-Infektion, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Typhus sowie der Lyme-Borreliose<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Gentamicin<br />
|Injektionslösung<br />
|Aminoglykosid mit breitem Wirkspektrum<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Metronidazol<br />
|Injektionslösung, Saft, Tablette, Zäpfchen<br />
|Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe der Nitroimidazole gegen anaerobe Erreger<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Nitrofurantoin<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Antibiotikum für Harnwegsinfekte, einschließlich prophylaktischer Anwendung<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Phenoxymethylpenicillin<br />
|Pulver für Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Infektionen des HNO-Bereiches (Tonsillitis, Mittelohrentzündung) und der Haut (Erysipel, Zellulitis), Rheumatisches Fieber<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Procain-Benzylpenicillin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Langwirksames Antibiotikum zur Behandlung einer Vielzahl von Infektionskrankheiten (Syphilis, Lungenentzündung des Kindes, Milzbrand, Diphtherie, Bissverletzungen)<br />
|1983<br />
|-<br />
|Spectinomycin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Aminoglykosid, wirksam bei verschiedenen Infektionen als Ersatz für Cephalosporine oder Chinolon-Antibiotika<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Sulfamethoxazol + Trimethoprim (entspricht Cotrimoxazol)<br />
|Injektionslösung, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Wirkstoffkombination zum Einsatz bei Infekten der Atem- und Harnwege<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Trimethoprim<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Antibiotikum für Harnwegsinfekte<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.2.2 Watch-Gruppe<br />
|-<br />
|Azithromycin<br />
|Kapsel, Saft<br />
|Makrolidantibiotikum, nur gelistet für Einzeldosis-Anwendungen im Einsatz bei Infektionen von Auge (Trachom) oder Genitalregion mit Chlamydia trachomatis<br />
|2003<br />
|-<br />
|Cefixim<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Behandlung der Gonorrhoe<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
|Cefotaxim<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Cephalosporin der dritten Generation, Mittel der Wahl bei Neugeborenen<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Ceftriaxon<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Hirnhautentzündungen aufgrund verschiedener Erreger<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
|Cefuroxim<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Prophylaxe<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Ciprofloxacin<br />
|Infusionslösung, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Gyrasehemmer zur Behandlung unter anderem der Cholera, Shigellose, Typhus und Gonorrhoe<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Clarithromycin<br />
|Tablette, Kapsel, Pulver zur Injektion, Lösliches Pulver als Saft<br />
|Kombinationstherapie zur Helicobacter-pylori-Eradikation<br />
Therapeutische Alternative: Erythromycin<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Piperacillin + Tazobactam<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung intraabdomineller Infektionen, der Neutropenie und von Lungenentzündungen<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Vancomycin<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Wirkstoff gegen Clostridium difficile<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Ceftazidim (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Wirkstoff gegen Pseudomonas aeruginosa<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Meropenem (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Reservemittel mit breitem Wirkspektrum gegen multiresistente Erreger<br />
Therapeutische Alternative: Imipenem plus Cilastatin<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Vancomycin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Reservewirkstoff gegen resistente Keime, unter anderem MRSA<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.2.3 Reserve-Gruppe<br />
|-<br />
|Cefiderocol (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
|Ceftazidim + Avibactam (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Colistin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Fosfomycin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Linezolid (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion, Injektionslösung, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Meropenem + Vaborbactam (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Plazomicin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektionslösung<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Polymyxin B (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.2.4 Lepra-Medikamente<br />
|-<br />
|Clofazimin<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Behandlung der lepromatösen Lepra als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Dapson<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung aller Formen der Lepra als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Rifampicin<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Lepra als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.2.5 Tuberkulostatika<br />
|-<br />
|Ethambutol<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Tuberkulose (Tbc) als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie zur Behandlung der Tuberkulose<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Pyrazinamid + Rifampicin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie zur Behandlung der Tuberkulose<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
|Isoniazid<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Tuberkulose als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie, Tbc-Prophylaxe<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Isoniazid + Pyrazinamid + Rifampicin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie zur Behandlung der Tuberkulose<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Isoniazid + Rifampicin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie zur Behandlung der Tuberkulose<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Isoniazid + Rifapentin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
|Pyrazinamid<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Tuberkulose als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie<br />
|1983<br />
|-<br />
|Rifabutin<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Behandlung der Tuberkulose bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen von HIV<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Rifampicin<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Tuberkulose als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Rifapentin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung einer latenten Tuberkulose (LTBI)<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
|Amikacin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der multiresistenten Tuberkulose (MDR-TB)<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Amoxicillin + Clavulansäure (komplementär)<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Bedaquilin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der multiresistenten Tuberkulose (MDR-TB)<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Capreomycin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der multiresistenten Tuberkulose in spezielle Zentren<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Clofazimin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Cycloserin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Mittel der zweiten Wahl bei der multiresistenten Tuberkulose-Tuberkulose<br />
Therapeutische Alternative: Terizidon<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
|Delamanid (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Mittel der zweiten Wahl bei der multiresistenten Tuberkulose<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Ethionamid (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Reservemittel bei der multiresistenten Tuberkulose; Prothionamid kann alternativ zu Ethionamid eingesetzt werden.<br />
Therapeutische Alternative: Protionamid<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
|Levofloxacin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Reservemittel bei der multiresistenten Tuberkulose; Ofloxacin und Moxifloxacin können als Alternative zu Levofloxacin eingesetzt werden.<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Linezolid (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Lösliches Pulver als Saft, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Meropenem (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Therapeutische Alternative: Imipenem + Cilastatin<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Moxifloxacin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Paraaminosalicylsäure (komplementär)<br />
|Granulat oder Tablette<br />
|Reservemittel bei der multiresistenten Tuberkulose<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Streptomycin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der Tuberkulose als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.3 Wirkstoffe gegen Pilzinfektionen (Antimykotika)<br />
|-<br />
|Amphotericin B<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von lebensbedrohlichen Pilzinfektionen wie Histoplasmose, Kokzidioidomykose, Parakokzidioidomykose, Blastomykose, Aspergillose, Kryptokokkose, Mucormykose, Sporotrichose und Candidiasis<br />
|2003<br />
|-<br />
|Clotrimazol<br />
|Vaginalcreme oder Vaginaltablette<br />
|Candidiasis der Vulva oder Vagina<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
|Fluconazol<br />
|Kapsel, Injektion, Saft<br />
|Breitspektrum-Antimykotikum<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Flucytosin<br />
|Kapsel, Infusion<br />
|Behandlung systemischer Hefen- und Pilzerkrankungen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Griseofulvin<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Infektionen der Haut, Haare und Nägel, wenn eine topische Behandlung erfolglos war.<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Itraconazol<br />
|Kapsel, Lösung zum Einnehmen<br />
|Behandlung chronischer Lungenaspergillose, Histoplasmose, Sporotrichose, Parakokkidiodomykose, durch ''T. marneffei'' verursachten Mykosen sowie Chromoblastomykosen; Prophylaxe von Histoplasmosen und von durch ''T. marneffei'' verursachter Infektionen bei AIDS-Patienten.<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Nystatin<br />
|Saft, Tablette, Pessar<br />
|Candidiasis von Haut und Schleimhäuten<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Voriconazol<br />
|Tablette, Pulver für Lösungen zur Injektion oder zum Einnehmen<br />
|Behandlung der chronischen Lungenaspergillose und der akuten invasiven Aspergillose<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Micafungin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver für Lösungen zur Injektion<br />
|Therapeutische Alternativen: Anidulafungin oder Caspofungin<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
|Kaliumiodid (komplementär)<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Behandlung der kutanen Sporotrichose<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4 Antivirale Medikamente (Virostatika)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.1 Herpes-Therapie<br />
|-<br />
|Aciclovir<br />
|Saft, Pulver zur Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Genitalherpes (Herpes-simplex-Infektion), Behandlung von Windpocken bei immungeschwächten Personen<br />
Therapeutische Alternative: Valaciclovir (oral)<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.2 Antiretrovirale Therapie<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.2.1 Nukleosidische Reverse-Transkriptase-Inhibitoren<br />
|-<br />
|Abacavir<br />
|Saft, Tabletten<br />
|Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Lamivudin<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Tenofovirdisoproxilfumarat<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Zidovudin<br />
|Injektion, Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion. Prophylaxe der Übertragung des Virus von der Mutter auf den Fötus<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.2.2 Nichtnukleosidische Reverse-Transkriptase-Inhibitoren<br />
|-<br />
|Efavirenz<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion mit mindestens zwei anderen Medikamenten<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Nevirapin<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion mit mindestens zwei anderen Medikamenten<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.2.3 Proteaseinhibitoren<br />
|-<br />
|Atazanavir + Ritonavir<br />
|Saft, Tablette, Kapsel<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Darunavir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Lopinavir + Ritonavir<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Ritonavir<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.2.4 Integrase-Inhibitoren<br />
|-<br />
|Dolutegravir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Raltegravir<br />
|Tablette, Granulat<br />
|Behandlung schwangerer Frauen<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |Kombinationspräparate, vgl. Hochaktive antiretrovirale Therapie<br />
|-<br />
|Abacavir + Lamivudin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Dolutegravir + Lamivudin + Tenofovir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Efavirenz + Emtricitabin + Tenofovir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion)<br />
Therapeutische Alternative für Emtricitabin: Lamivudin<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Efavirenz + Lamivudin + Tenofovir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Emtricitabin + Tenofovir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion)<br />
Therapeutische Alternative für Emtricitabin: Lamivudin<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Lamivudin + Zidovudin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(Kombinationstherapie der HIV-Infektion)<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.2.5 Vorbeugung opportunistischer HIV-Infektionen<br />
|-<br />
|Isoniazid + Pyridoxin + Sulfamethoxazol + Trimethoprim<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.3 Andere Virostatika<br />
|-<br />
|Ribavirin<br />
|Injektion, Kapsel<br />
|Behandlung des viralen hämorrhagischen Fiebers<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Valganciclovir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der CMV-Retinitis<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Oseltamivir (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Pulver<br />
|Behandlung schwerer Influenza-H1N1-Erkrankungen<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Valganciclovir (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette, Pulver<br />
|Behandlung der CMV-Retinitis<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.4 Mittel gegen Hepatitis<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.4.1 Mittel gegen Hepatitis B<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.4.1.1 Nukleosidische Reverse-Transkriptase-Inhibitoren<br />
|-<br />
|Entecavir<br />
|Tropfen zum Einnehmen, Tabletten<br />
|Behandlung der Hepatitis B<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Tenofovirdisoproxilfumarat<br />
|Tabletten<br />
|Behandlung der Hepatitis B<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.4.2 Mittel gegen Hepatitis C<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.4.2.1 Pangenotypische direkt wirkende antivirale Kombinationen<br />
|-<br />
|Daclatasvir<br />
|Tabletten<br />
|Behandlung der Hepatitis C<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Daclatasvir + Sofosbuvir<br />
|Tabletten<br />
|<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
|Glecaprevir + Pibrentasvir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Sofosbuvir<br />
|Tabletten<br />
|Behandlung der Hepatitis C<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.4.2.2 Nichtpangenotypische direkt wirkende antivirale Kombinationen<br />
|-<br />
|Dasabuvir<br />
|Tabletten<br />
|Behandlung der Hepatitis C<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Ledipasvir + Sofosbuvir<br />
|Tabletten<br />
|<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Ombitasvir + Paritaprevir + Ritonavir<br />
|Tabletten<br />
|<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.4.4.2.3 Andere Virostatika<br />
|-<br />
|Ribavirin<br />
|i.v. Injektion / feste orale Darreichungsformen<br />
|Behandlung der Hepatitis C, in Kombination mit Peginterferon oder antiviralen Wirkstoffen<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Peginterferon α (2a oder 2b; komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der Hepatitis C, in Kombination mit Ribavirin<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5 Wirkstoffe gegen Protozoen<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.1 Amöben und Giardia<br />
|-<br />
|Diloxanidfuroat<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Amöbenruhr in Kombination mit anderen Medikamenten, Behandlung von asymptomatischen Trägern<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Metronidazol<br />
|Tablette, Injektion, Saft<br />
|Infektionen mit Protozoen (Amöbenruhr, Giardiasis)<br />
Therapeutische Alternative: Tinidazol<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.2 Leishmania<br />
|-<br />
|Amphotericin B<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der viszeralen (organbefallenden) und mukokutanen (schleimhautbefallenden) Form der Leishmaniose, wenn Antimon-Präparate (wie N-Methyl-Glucaminantimonat) unwirksam sind<br />
|2003<br />
|-<br />
|Miltefosin<br />
|Kapsel oder Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Paromomycin<br />
|Intramuskuläre Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der viszeralen und mukokutanen Form der Leishmaniose<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Natriumstibogluconat oder N-Methylglucaminantimonat<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der Leishmaniose (außer Infektionen mit ''Leishmania aethiopica'')<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.3 Malaria<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.3.1 kurativ<br />
|-<br />
|Amodiaquin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Malaria (Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale und Plasmodium malariae), allein oder in Kombination mit Artesunat<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Artemether<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der schweren Malaria<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Artemether + Lumefantrin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der unkomplizierten Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum)<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Artesunat<br />
|Injektion, rektales Gel, Tablette, Zäpfchen<br />
|Teil einer Kombinationstherapie (mit Amodiaquin, Mefloquin oder Sulfadoxin + Pyrimethamin) zur Behandlung der Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum)<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Artesunat + Amodiaquin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(Kombinationstherapie der Malaria)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Artesunat + Mefloquin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(Kombinationstherapie der Malaria)<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Artesunat + Pyronaridintetraphosphat<br />
|Tablette, Granulat<br />
|(Kombinationstherapie der Malaria)<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Chloroquin<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Nur für Behandlung der Malaria ausgelöst durch Plasmodium vivax<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Dihydroartemisinin + Piperaquinphosphat<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(Kombinationstherapie der Malaria)<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Doxycyclin<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Nur für Behandlung der Malaria in Kombination mit Chinin<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Mefloquin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Teil einer Kombinationstherapie (mit Artenusat) zur Behandlung der unkomplizierten Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum)<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Primaquin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Nur für radikale Behandlung der Malaria ausgelöst durch Plasmodium vivax und/oder Plasmodium ovale<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Chinin<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der schweren Malaria in Kombination mit Doxycyclin<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Sulfadoxin + Pyrimethamin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Nur als Teil einer Kombinationstherapie (mit Artenusat)<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.3.2 prophylaktisch<br />
|-<br />
|Amodiaquin + Sulfadoxin + Pyrimethamin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Chloroquin<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Nur für Prophylaxe der Malaria in Zentralamerika gegen Plasmodium vivax<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Doxycyclin<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe der Malaria<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
|Mefloquin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe der Malaria<br />
|1995<br />
|-<br />
|Proguanil<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe der Malaria, nur in Kombination mit Chloroquin<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Sulfadoxin + Pyrimethamin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.4 Pneumocystis und Toxoplasmose<br />
|-<br />
|Pyrimethamin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Infektionen mit Toxoplasma gondii, Pneumocystis jirovecii (in Kombination mit Sulfadiazin)<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Sulfadiazin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Toxoplasmose (in Kombination mit Pyrimethamin)<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Sulfamethoxazol + Trimethoprim<br />
(Cotrimoxazol)<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Infektionen mit Pneumocystis jirovecii<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Pentamidin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Infektionen mit Toxoplasma gondii und/oder Pneumocystis jirovecii<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.5 Trypanosomiasis<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.5.1 Afrikanische Trypanosomiasis<br />
|-<br />
|Fexinidazol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Erstes und zweites Stadium der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis, primär Infektion mit Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |Erstes Stadium der Afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis<br />
|-<br />
|Pentamidin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Erstes Stadium der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis, primär Infektion mit Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Suramin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Erstes Stadium der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis, exklusiv bei Infektion mit Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |Zweites Stadium der Afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis<br />
|-<br />
|Eflornithin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Zweites Stadium der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis, sekundäres Mittel zur Behandlung von Infektionen mit ''Trypanosoma brucei gambiense''<br />
|1992<br />
|-<br />
|Melarsoprol<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Zweites Stadium der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Nifurtimox<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Zweites Stadium der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis, nur in Kombination mit Eflornithin<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Melarsoprol (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Zweites Stadium der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.5.5.2 Amerikanische Trypanosomiasis<br />
|-<br />
|Benznidazol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Infektion mit Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas-Krankheit)<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Nifurtimox<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Chagas-Krankheit<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |6.6 Wirkstoffe gegen ektoparasitäre Infektionen<br />
|-<br />
|Ivermectin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 7 Migränemedikamente ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |7.1 Therapie eines akuten Migräne-Anfalls<br />
|-<br />
|Acetylsalicylsäure<br />
|Tablette<br />
|akute Migräne-Attacke<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Ibuprofen<br />
|Tablette<br />
|akute Migräne-Attacke<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Paracetamol<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|akute Migräne-Attacke<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |7.2 Migräne-Prophylaxe<br />
|-<br />
|Propranolol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Migräne-Prophylaxe<br />
|1990<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 8 Antineoplastische Wirkstoffe und Immunsuppressiva ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |8.1 Immunsuppressive Wirkstoffe<br />
|-<br />
|Adalimumab (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Azathioprin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Prävention einer Transplantatabstoßung. Mittel der zweiten Wahl bei chronischen entzündlichen Erkrankungen<br />
|2002<br />
|-<br />
|Ciclosporin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Konzentrat zur Injektion<br />
|Verhinderung einer Transplantatabstoßung<br />
|1992<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |8.2 Zytostatische Wirkstoffe zur Chemotherapie<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |8.2.1 Zytotoxische Wirkstoffe<br />
|-<br />
|Arsen(III)-oxid (komplementär)<br />
|Konzentrat zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der Promyelozytenleukämie<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Asparaginase (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Zytostatikum zur Behandlung der akuten lymphatischen Leukämie im Kindesalter.<br />
|1995<br />
|-<br />
|Bendamustin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Chronische lymphatische Leukämie, Follikuläres Lymphom<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Bleomycin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Tumorerkrankungen, einschließlich Hodgkin- und Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome, Kopf-Hals-Karzinome, Zervixkarzinome, Hodentumoren und andere<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Calciumfolinat (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Hohe Dosierung oder Überdosierung von Methotrexat (''Folat-Rescue''). Mit Fluorouracil als palliative Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen kolorektalen Karzinoms<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Capecitabin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Darmkrebs, Rektalkrebs, Metastasierender Brust- und Kolorektalkrebs<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Carboplatin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|(ersetzt Cisplatin)<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Chlorambucil (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Chronische lymphatische Leukämie, Hodgkin- und Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome, Ovarialkarzinom, Morbus Waldenström<br />
|1999<br />
|-<br />
|Cisplatin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Nicht-kleinzelliger Lungenkrebs, Osteosarkom, Keimzelltumoren.<br />
Als Radiosensitizer beim Gebärmutterhalskrebs, Kopf-Hals-Karzinom und Nasopharynxkarzinom.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Cyclophosphamid (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Krebsformen, einschließlich maligne Lymphome, Leukämie, Multiples Myelom, Ovarialkarzinom, Brustkrebs<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Cytarabin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Antimetabolit zur Behandlung verschiedener Krebsformen<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Dacarbazin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Palliative Behandlung von metastasiertem Melanom, Teil des ABVD-Behandlungsschemas beim Hodgkin-Lymphom<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Dactinomycin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Krebsformen im Kindesalter, einschließlich trophoblastischer Tumoren, Wilms-Tumor, Ewing-Sarkom, Rhabdomyosarkom<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Daunorubicin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Krebsformen, speziell akuter Leukämien<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
|Docetaxel (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Doxorubicin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Krebsformen, einschließlich akuter Leukämien, Karzinome von Brust, Blase, Ovarien und Schilddrüse, Lymphome, Sarkome<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Etoposid (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Injektion<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Krebsformen, einschließlich Hoden- und Lungenkrebs<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Fludarabin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Chronisch lymphatische Leukämie<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Fluorouracil (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Krebsformen, einschließlich kolorektales Karzinom, Brustkrebs, Magenkrebs, Kopf-Hals-Karzinom<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Gemcitabin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Ovarialkarzinom, Nicht-kleinzelliger Lungenkrebs<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hydroxycarbamid (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Ifosfamid (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Irinotecan (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Metastasierende Kolorektalkrebs<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Melphalan (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette, Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung Multipler Myelome<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Mercaptopurin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Leukämien<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Methotrexat (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung verschiedener Krebsformen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Oxaliplatin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Verschiedenen Darmkrebsformen<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Paclitaxel (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Brustkrebs<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Pegaspargase (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der Akuten lymphatischen Leukämie<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Procarbazin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Kombinationstherapie des Hodgkin-Lymphoms<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Realgar-Indigo (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Promyelozytenleukämie<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Tioguanin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette oder Kapsel<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Vinblastin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Leukämien und Lymphomen sowie einiger solider Tumoren wie Brust- und Lungenkrebs<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Vincristin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Leukämien und Lymphomen sowie einiger solider Tumoren wie Brust- und Lungenkrebs<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Vinorelbin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Brustkrebs, nicht-kleinzelliger Lungenkrebs<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |8.2.2 Gezielte Therapie<br />
|-<br />
|Bortezomib (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung Multipler Myelome<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Dasatinib (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Imatinib-resistente chronisch myeloische Leukämie<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Erlotinib (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der EGFR-Mutation T790M<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Imatinib (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Chronisch myeloische Leukämie, gastrointestinaler Stromatumor<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nilotinib (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Imatinib-resistente chronisch myeloische Leukämie<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Rituximab (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Diffuses großzelliges B-Zell-Lymphom, chronisch lymphatische Leukämie, follikuläres Lymphom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Trastuzumab (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von Frühformen und metastasierendem HER2-positivem Brustkrebs<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
|Tretinoin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|akute Promyelozytenleukämie<br />
|2015<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |8.2.3 Immunmodulatoren<br />
|-<br />
|Filgrastim (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Lenalidomid (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Behandlung Multipler Myelome<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Nivolumab (komplementär)<br />
|Konzentrat zur Infusion<br />
|Behandlung Maligner Melanome<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Thalidomid (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Behandlung Multipler Myelome<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |8.2.4 Hormone und Antihormone<br />
|-<br />
|Abirateron (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von metastasiertem kastrationsresistentem Prostatakrebs<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Anastrozol (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Brustkrebs, frühes und metastasierendes Stadium<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Bicalutamid (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Metastasierendes Prostatakarzinom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dexamethason (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Palliative Anwendung bei fortgeschrittenem Krebs als adjuvante Therapie<br />
|k. A.<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrocortison (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Synthetisches Hormon, adjuvante Behandlung von malignen Tumoren<br />
|2003<br />
|-<br />
|Leuprorelin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Brustkrebs, frühes und metastasierendes Stadium<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Methylprednisolon (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|adjuvante Behandlung<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Prednisolon (komplementär)<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|In Kombination mit Zytostatika bei akuter lymphatischer Leukämie und chronischer lymphatischer Leukämie sowie Lymphomen<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Tamoxifen (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Selektiver Estrogenrezeptormodulator (Antiestrogen) zur Behandlung von Brustkrebs<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |8.2.5 Unterstützende Wirkstoffe<br />
|-<br />
|Allopurinol (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Mesna (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Zoledronsäure (komplementär)<br />
|Infusion(skonzentrat)<br />
|Bösartige Erkrankungen des Skeletts<br />
|2017<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 9 Parkinson-Medikamente ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Biperiden<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Parkinsonismus, einschließlich medikamenteninduzierter extrapyramidaler Symptome<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Levodopa + Carbidopa<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kombinationsbehandlung der Parkinson-Krankheit<br />
|1977<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 10 Medikamente der Hämatologie ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |10.1 Behandlung der Anämie<br />
|-<br />
|Eisensalze<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Eisenmangelanämie, Nahrungsergänzung<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Eisensalze + Folsäure<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Nahrungsergänzung in der Schwangerschaft, Eisenmangelanämie<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Folsäure<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Folsäuremangels (megaloblastäre Anämie)<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Hydroxycobalamin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der perniziösen Anämie aufgrund Vitamin-B12-Mangel<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Erythropoese-stimulierende Substanzen (komplementär)<br />
|Fertigspritze<br />
|Anämie bei chronischem Nierenversagen gilt für: Epoetin alfa, beta und theta, Darbepoetin alfa, Methoxypolyethylenglycol-Epoetin beta und entsprechende Biosimilars<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |10.2 Blutgerinnungsmodifizierende Medikamente<br />
|-<br />
|Dabigatran<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Enoxaparin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Alternativ: Nadroparin oder Dalteparin<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Heparin-Natrium<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Kurzwirksames Antikoagulanz zu Behandlung und Prophylaxe der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose und Lungenembolie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Phytomenadion<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Verhinderung von Vitamin-K-Mangel-bedingten Blutungen des Neugeborenen, Korrektur der Blutgerinnung bei Therapie mit Vitamin-K-Antagonisten<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Protaminsulfat<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Gegenmittel bei Heparin-Überdosierung<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Tranexamsäure<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Zur Hemmung der Fibrinolyse<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Warfarin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Orale Antikoagulation. Prophylaxe von Embolisationen, etwa bei Vorhofflimmern, nach der Implantation von künstlichen Herzklappen, Behandlung von venösen Thromben und der Lungenembolie, Einsatz nach einer transitorischen ischämischen Attacke<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Desmopressin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Nasenspray<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Heparin-Natrium (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Kurzwirksames Antikoagulanz zu Behandlung und Prophylaxe der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose und Lungenembolie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Protaminsulfat (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Gegenmittel bei Heparin-Überdosierung<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Warfarin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Orale Antikoagulation. Prophylaxe von Embolisationen, etwa bei Vorhofflimmern, nach der Implantation von künstlichen Herzklappen, Behandlung von venösen Thromben und der Lungenembolie, Einsatz nach einer transitorischen ischämischen Attacke<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |10.3 Behandlung von Hämoglobinopathien<br />
|-<br />
|Deferoxamin (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zu Injektion<br />
|alternativ Deferasirox<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Hydroxycarbamid (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 11 Blutprodukte und Plasmaersatz ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |11.1 Blut und Blutkomponenten<br />
|-<br />
|Blutplasma<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Thrombozytenreiches Plasma<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Erythrozyt<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Blut<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |11.2 Plasmapräparate<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |11.2.1 Antikörper<br />
|-<br />
|Anti-D-Immunglobulin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Prävention der Antikörperbildung gegen Rhesusfaktor-positives Blut bei Rhesus-negativen Patienten<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Rabies-Immunglobulin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Postexpositionsprophylaxe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tetanus-Immunglobulin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Passive Immunisierung gegen Tetanus (Wundstarrkrampf) bei Wunden mit entsprechendem Risiko<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Humanes Immunglobulin (komplementär)<br />
|intramuskuläre, intravenöse oder subkutane Injektion<br />
|Behandlung angeborener Immundefekte, Immunmodulation bei Autoimmunerkrankungen wie dem Guillain-Barré-Syndrom oder dem Kawasaki-Syndrom<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |11.2.2 Koagulationsfaktoren<br />
|-<br />
|Faktor-VIII-Konzentrat (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Ersatz des Faktor-VIII-Mangels bei Hämophilie A<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Faktor-IX-Konzentrat (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Blutungen aufgrund eines Mangels der Gerinnungsfaktoren II, VII, IX, X; Ersatz des Faktor-IX-Mangels bei Hämophilie B<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |11.3 Plasmaersatzstoffe<br />
|-<br />
|Dextran 70<br />
|Lösung zu Injektion<br />
|Kolloidale Infusionslösung zur Vergrößerung des Plasmavolumens; alternativ Polygelin<br />
|1977<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 12 Kardiovaskuläre Medikamente ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |12.1 Medikamente zur Behandlung der Angina pectoris<br />
|-<br />
|Bisoprolol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(alternativ Carvedilol oder Metoprolol)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Glyceryltrinitrat<br />
|Sublinguale Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der akuten Angina pectoris<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Isosorbiddinitrat<br />
|Sublinguale Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe und Behandlung der Angina pectoris<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Verapamil<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Angina pectoris<br />
|1983<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |12.2 Antiarrhythmika<br />
|-<br />
|Bisoprolol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(alternativ Carvedilol oder Metoprolol, 1992 bis 2011 Atenolol)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Digoxin<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von supraventrikulären Herzrhythmusstörungen, insbesondere von Vorhofflimmern<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Adrenalin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Lidocain<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung von ventrikulären Rhythmusstörungen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Verapamil<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der supraventrikulären Tachykardie<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Amiodaron (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|(Behandlung von ventrikulären und supraventrikulären Herzrhythmusstörungen)<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |12.3 Medikamente zur Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie<br />
|-<br />
|Amlodipin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Calciumantagonist zur Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
|Bisoprolol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Betablocker zur Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie (alternativ Carvedilol oder Metoprolol, 1992 bis 2011 Atenolol)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Enalapril<br />
|Tablette<br />
|ACE-Hemmer zur Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie<br />
|2003<br />
|-<br />
|Hydralazin<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Bluthochdrucks in der Schwangerschaft<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrochlorothiazid<br />
|Saft, Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Thiazid-Diuretikum zur Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Lisinopril + Amlodipin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Lisinopril + Hydrochlorothiazid<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Losartan<br />
|Tablette<br />
|AT<sub>1</sub>-Antagonist zur Behandlung des Bluthochdrucks.<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Methyldopa<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Bluthochdrucks in der Schwangerschaft<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Telmisartan + Amlodipin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazid<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Natrium-Nitroprussid (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der hypertensiven Krise<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |12.4 Medikamente gegen Herzinsuffizienz<br />
|-<br />
|Bisoprolol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(alternativ Carvedilol oder Metoprolol)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Digoxin<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Herzglykosid zur Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Enalapril<br />
|Tablette<br />
|ACE-Hemmer zur Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz<br />
|2003<br />
|-<br />
|Furosemid<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Schleifendiuretikum zur Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrochlorothiazid<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Thiazid-Diuretikum zur Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Losartan<br />
|Tablette<br />
|AT<sub>1</sub>-Antagonist zur Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Spironolacton<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kaliumsparendes Diuretikum zur Behandlung von erhöhten Aldosteronspiegeln und zur Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Dopamin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung des schweren kardiogenen Schocks<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |12.5 Antithrombotische Medikamente<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |12.5.1 Anti-Thrombozytische Medikamente<br />
|-<br />
|Acetylsalicylsäure<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Prävention von Thrombozyten-Aggregation, Prophylaxe bei Durchblutungsstörungen des Gehirns und der koronaren Herzkrankheit<br />
|1992<br />
|-<br />
|Clopidogrel<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Thrombozytenaggregationshemmeung<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |12.5.2 Thrombolytische Medikamente<br />
|-<br />
|Alteplase (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Streptokinase (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung des akuten Herzinfarktes, der Beinvenenthrombose, der Lungenembolie sowie von thrombosierten Shunts<br />
|1992<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |12.6 Lipidsenker<br />
|-<br />
|Simvastatin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des erhöhten Cholesterin-Spiegels bei Risikopatienten<br />
|2007<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 13 Dermatologische Medikamente zur örtlichen Anwendung ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |13.1 Mittel gegen Pilze (Antimykotika)<br />
|-<br />
|Miconazol<br />
|Salbe, Creme<br />
|Behandlung oberflächlicher Pilzinfektionen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Natriumthiosulfat<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Behandlung der Pityriasis versicolor<br />
|1992<br />
|-<br />
|Selendisulfid<br />
|Suspension<br />
|Behandlung der Pityriasis versicolor und der seborrhoischen Dermatitis<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Terbinafin<br />
|Salbe, Creme<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |13.2 Wirkstoffe gegen Infektionen<br />
|-<br />
|Mupirocin<br />
|Salbe, Creme<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Kaliumpermanganat<br />
|Wässrige Lösung<br />
|Feuchte Verbände zur Heilung von eitrigen Wunden, des tropischen Ulcus, der Tinea, Erkrankungen der Pemphigus-Gruppe und der Impetigo contagiosa<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Silbersulfadiazin<br />
|Creme<br />
|Prophylaxe und Behandlung von Infektionen in Brandwunden<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |13.3 Wirkstoffe gegen Entzündung und Juckreiz<br />
|-<br />
|Betamethason<br />
|Salbe, Creme<br />
|Potentes topisches Kortikosteroid, Einsatz bei schweren entzündlichen Hautzuständen, wie der Kontaktdermatitis, Ekzemen, der seborrhoischen Dermatitis, Lichen ruber planus, hartnäckiger Juckreiz, Psoriasis<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Calamine<br />
|Lotion<br />
|Behandlung von mildem Juckreiz<br />
|1983<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrocortison<br />
|Salbe, Creme<br />
|Mildes topisches Kortikosteroid<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |13.4 Wirkstoffe, die die Hautdifferenzierung und -proliferierung betreffen<br />
|-<br />
|Benzoylperoxid<br />
|Lotion, Creme<br />
|Behandlung der Acne vulgaris<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Steinkohlenteer<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Behandlung der Psoriasis<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Fluorouracil<br />
|Salbe<br />
|Behandlung von Warzen der Fußsohlen<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Podophyllum<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Behandlung von Warzen im Genitalbereich und der Fußsohlen<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Salicylsäure<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Behandlung von Warzen der Fußsohlen<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Harnstoff<br />
|Salbe, Creme<br />
|Keratolytisches und Hautanfeuchtendes Mittel bei trockenen, rissigen und juckenden Hautzuständen<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |13.5 Mittel gegen Läuse und Krätze<br />
|-<br />
|Benzylbenzoat<br />
|Lotion<br />
|Behandlung der Krätze und von Läusen an Kopf, Rumpf und Schamhaaren (Alternativen sind Crotamiton, Lindan, Malathion und Thiabendazol)<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Permethrin<br />
|Creme, Lotion<br />
|Behandlung der Krätze und von Läusen<br />
|1977<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 14 Diagnostische Mittel ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |14.1 Wirkstoffe in der Augenheilkunde<br />
|-<br />
|Fluorescein<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|Diagnose von Läsionen und Fremdkörpern im Auge<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Tropicamid<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|Kurzwirksames Mydriatikum zur Augenspiegelung<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |14.2 Kontrastmittel<br />
|-<br />
|Amidotrizoesäure<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Ionisches Iodhaltiges Kontrastmittel zur Darstellung von Blutgefäßen, Harn- und Gallenwegen und Gelenken.<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Bariumsulfat<br />
|Wässrige Suspension<br />
|Bariumhaltiges Kontrastmittel zur Darstellung des Gastrointestinaltraktes (Einfach- und Doppelkontrastverfahren, Computertomografie)<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Iohexol<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Nichtionisches Iodhaltiges Kontrastmittel<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
|Bariumsulfat (komplementär)<br />
|Wässrige Lösung<br />
|Bariumhaltiges Kontrastmittel zur Darstellung des Gastrointestinaltraktes (Einfach- und Doppelkontrastverfahren, Computertomografie)<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Iotroxat-Dimeglumin (komplementär)<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Kontrastmittel<br />
|1985<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 15 Desinfektionsmittel ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |15.1 Antiseptika<br />
|-<br />
|Chlorhexidin<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Antiseptikum, Desinfektion von sauberen Instrumenten<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Ethanol<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Hautdesinfektion vor Injektionen und Gefäßpunktionen sowie chirurgischen Eingriffen<br />
|2000<br />
|-<br />
|Povidon-Iod<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Hautdesinfektion, Antiseptikum<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |15.2 Desinfektionsmittel<br />
|-<br />
|Alkoholische Handeinreibung<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Hautdesinfektion mit 80%igem Ethanol oder 75%igem Isopropanol<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Auf Chlor basierendes Mittel<br />
|Pulver<br />
|Desinfektion von Oberflächen und Instrumenten<br />
|1992<br />
|-<br />
|Chlorxylenol<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Desinfektion von Oberflächen und Instrumenten<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Glutaral<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Desinfektion und Sterilisation von Instrumenten und Oberflächen<br />
|1992<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 16 Diuretika ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Amilorid<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kaliumsparendes Diuretikum; Anwendung bei Ödemen aufgrund von Herzversagen, Leberzirrhose oder des nephrotischen Syndroms, als Zusatz zu einem Thiazid oder Schleifendiuretikum<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Furosemid<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Potentes Schleifendiuretikum; Anwendung bei Ödemen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrochlorothiazid<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Thiazid-Diuretikum<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Mannitol<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Osmotisches Diuretikum; Anwendung bei Hirnödem und erhöhtem intrakraniellem Druck<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Spironolacton<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Kaliumsparendes Diuretikum; Anwendungsgebiete sind Ödeme aufgrund von Herzversagen, Leberzirrhose, Aszites bei Tumoren, nephrotischem Syndrom und primärem Hyperaldosteronismus<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrochlorothiazid (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Thiazid-Diuretikum<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Mannitol (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Osmotisches Diuretikum; Anwendung bei Hirnödem und erhöhtem intrakraniellem Druck<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Spironolacton (komplementär)<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|Kaliumsparendes Diuretikum; Anwendungsgebiete sind Ödeme aufgrund von Herzversagen, Leberzirrhose, Aszites bei Tumoren, nephrotischem Syndrom und primärem Hyperaldosteronismus<br />
|1977<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 17 Gastrointestinale Medikamente ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Pankreasenzyme (komplementär)<br />
|altersabhängig<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |17.1 Antazida und magensäurehemmende Wirkstoffe<br />
|-<br />
|Omeprazol<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion, feste oder flüssige orale Formen<br />
|(Behandlung von Ulcuserkrankungen)<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Ranitidin<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Ulcuserkrankungen (Magengeschwür, Zwölffingerdarmgeschwür)<br />
|2003<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |17.2 Wirkstoffe gegen Übelkeit (Antiemetika)<br />
|-<br />
|Dexamethason<br />
|Injektion, Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Metoclopramid<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Übelkeit und Erbrechen bei gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen, Migräne oder Radio-/Chemotherapie<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Ondansetron<br />
|Injektion, Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Aprepitant (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Lösliches Pulver als Saft<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |17.3 Entzündungshemmende Mittel<br />
|-<br />
|Sulfasalazin<br />
|Einlauf, Tablette, Zäpfchen<br />
|Behandlung und Aufrechterhaltung der Remission von Chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (Morbus Crohn, Colitis ulcerosa)<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrocortison (komplementär)<br />
|Einlauf, Zäpfchen<br />
|Behandlung der Colitis ulcerosa<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |17.4 Abführmittel<br />
|-<br />
|Senna<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von Verstopfung (Konstipation)<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |17.5 Medikamente zur Therapie des Durchfalls (Diarrhoe)<br />
|-<br />
|Zinksulfat<br />
|Lösliches Pulver, Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Ergänzende Behandlung bei akuten und chronischen Durchfällen im Kindesalter<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |17.5.1 Orale Rehydration<br />
|-<br />
|Orale Rehydratationssalze<br />
|Lösliches Pulver<br />
|Ersatz von Wasser- und Elektrolytverlusten bei akuten Durchfallerkrankungen<br />
|k. A.<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |17.5.2 Medikamente zur Therapie des Durchfalls<br />
|-<br />
|Zinksulfat<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Ergänzende Behandlung bei akuten und chronischen Durchfällen im Kindesalter<br />
|2005<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 18 Hormone, endokrine aktive Medikamente und Kontrazeptiva ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.1 Nebennierenhormone und synthetische Ersatzstoffe<br />
|-<br />
|Fludrocortison<br />
|Tablette<br />
|(Künstliches Mineralokortikoid zum Ausgleich eines Aldosteron-Mangels)<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Hydrocortison<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.2 Androgene<br />
|-<br />
|Testosteron (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Unterfunktion der Keimdrüsen (Hypogonadismus)<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.3 Östrogene<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.4 Progestagene<br />
|-<br />
|Medroxyprogesteronacetat<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von gutartigen Blutungsstörungen der Gebärmutter, Endometriose<br />
|1995<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.5 Behandlung von Diabetes mellitus<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.5.1 Insuline<br />
|-<br />
|Insulin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung des insulinabhängigen Diabetes mellitus<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Intermediäres Insulin (NPH-Insulin, Zink-Insulin)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung des insulinabhängigen Diabetes mellitus<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.5.2 Orale hypoglykämische Mittel<br />
|-<br />
|Gliclazid<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des nicht-insulinabhängigen Diabetes mellitus Typ 2; Ersatz für Glibenclamid, da dieses nicht für Patienten über 60 Jahren geeignet ist<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Metformin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des nicht-insulinabhängigen Diabetes mellitus Typ 2<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Metformin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des nicht-insulinabhängigen Diabetes mellitus Typ 2<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.6 Hypoglykämie<br />
|-<br />
|Glucagon<br />
|Injektion<br />
|(Behandlung einer Unterzuckerung)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Diazoxid (komplementär)<br />
|Saft, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |18.7 Schilddrüsen-Medikamente<br />
|-<br />
|L-Thyroxin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Therapie der Schilddrüsenunterfunktion (Hypothyreose)<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Kaliumiodid<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Thyreotoxische Krise<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Propylthiouracil<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Therapie der Schilddrüsenüberfunktion (Hyperthyreose)<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Thiamazol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Iod-Kaliumiodid-Lösung (komplementär)<br />
|Saft<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Kaliumiodid (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Propylthiouracil (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Therapie der Schilddrüsenüberfunktion (Hyperthyreose)<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Thiamazol (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 19 Immunologisch wirksame Medikamente ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |19.1 Diagnostische Wirkstoffe<br />
|-<br />
|Tuberkulin-Test mit gereinigtem Tuberkulin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Intradermale Injektion als diagnostischer Test für Tuberkulin-Reaktion<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |19.2 Antiseren und Immunglobuline<br />
|-<br />
|Antivenom-Immunglobulin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Neutralisierung von Schlangengiften bei Patienten, die Krankheitssymptome zeigen (Störungen der Blutgerinnung, Schock, Nervenschäden, Muskelschäden, Nierenschäden, ausgeprägte Schwellung, schnelle Ausbreitung der Beschwerden). Die Gegengifte müssen an die lokalen Schlangenvorkommen angepasst werden.<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Diphtherie-Antitoxin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Passive Immunisierung bei Diphtherie-verdächtigen Fällen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |19.3 Impfstoffe<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |Impfstoffe gegen Tuberkulose (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), Cholera, Diphtherie, Denguefieber, Enzephalitis, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae, Humane Papillomviren, Influenza, Japanische Enzephalitis, Masern, Meningokokken, Mumps, Keuchhusten, Pneumokokken, Poliomyelitis, Tollwut, Rotavirus, Röteln, Tetanus, Typhus, Varizellen, Gelbfieber<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 20 Muskelrelaxanzien und Cholinesterasehemmer ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Atracurium<br />
|Injektion<br />
|(nichtdepolarisierendes Muskelrelaxans bei chirurgischen Eingriffen)<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Neostigmin<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Antagonisierung von nichtdepolarisierenden Muskelrelaxantien; Behandlung der Myasthenia gravis<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Suxamethonium<br />
|Injektion, Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|Depolarisierendes Muskelrelaxans<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Vecuronium<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|nichtdepolarisierendes Muskelrelaxans bei chirurgischen Eingriffen<br />
|1993<br />
|-<br />
|Pyridostigmin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Myasthenia gravis; Antagonisierung von nichtdepolarisierenden Muskelrelaxantien<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Vecuronium (komplementär)<br />
|Pulver zur Injektion<br />
|nichtdepolarisierendes Muskelrelaxans bei chirurgischen Eingriffen<br />
|1993<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 21 Zubereitungen für die Augenheilkunde ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |21.1 Wirkstoffe gegen Infektionen<br />
|-<br />
|Aciclovir<br />
|Salbe<br />
|Behandlung der Herpes-bedingten Entzündung der Hornhaut (Keratitis) und systemischer Infektionen<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Erythromycin<br />
|Salbe<br />
|Infektionen durch ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' oder Neisseria gonorrhoea<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Azithromycin<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|bakterielle Infektionen des Auges<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Gentamicin<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|bakterielle Infektionen der Bindehaut (Konjunktivitis), Entzündung des Augenlids (Blepharitis)<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Natamycin<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|mykotische Infektionen der Hornhaut (Keratitis)<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
|Ofloxacin<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|bakterielle Infektionen der Bindehaut (Konjunktivitis), Entzündung des Augenlids (Blepharitis)<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Tetracyclin<br />
|Augensalbe<br />
|Oberflächliche bakterielle Infektionen des Auges, Behandlung des Trachoms, Prophylaxe der Gonoblennorrhoe des Neugeborenen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |21.2 Entzündungshemmende Mittel<br />
|-<br />
|Prednisolon<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|kurzzeitige Behandlung einer Augenentzündung<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |21.3 Lokalanästhetika<br />
|-<br />
|Tetracain<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|Oberflächenanästhesie von Augenlid und Bindehaut<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |21.4 Miotika und Wirkstoffe zur Behandlung des Glaukoms<br />
|-<br />
|Acetazolamid<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des chronischen Offenwinkelglaukoms, Behandlung des akuten Engwinkelglaukoms<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Latanoprost<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|Behandlung des Glaukoms, erhöhter Augendruck<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Pilocarpin<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|Behandlung des chronischen Offenwinkelglaukoms, Behandlung des akuten Engwinkelglaukoms, Antagonisierung von Mydriatika<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Timolol<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|Erhöhter Augendruck, chronisches Offenwinkelglaukom, sekundäre Glaukome<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |21.5 Mydriatika<br />
|-<br />
|Atropin<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|Langwirksames therapeutischen Mydriatikum<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Adrenalin (komplementär)<br />
|Augentropfen<br />
|Reduktion des Augendruckes, Mydriatikum. Anwendung bei erhöhtem Augendruck, chronischem Offenwinkelglaukom<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |21.6 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)<br />
|-<br />
|Bevacizumab (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|altersabhängige Makuladegeneration<br />
|2013<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 22 Reproduktive Gesundheit und Perinatale Pflege ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.1 Kontrazeptiva<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.1.1 Orale Kontrazeptiva<br />
|-<br />
|Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Orale Kontrazeption (Antibabypille)<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Ethinylestradiol + Norethisteron<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Orale Kontrazeption<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Levonorgestrel<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Orale Kontrazeption. Orale Notfallkontrazeption<br />
|1997<br />
|-<br />
|Ulipristal<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Orale Notfallkontrazeption<br />
|2017<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.1.2 Injizierbare Kontrazeptiva<br />
|-<br />
|Estradiol-17β-cipionat + Medroxyprogesteronacetat<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Kurzfristige (Progesteron/Östrogen)-Empfängnisverhütung<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Medroxyprogesteronacetat<br />
|Depot-Injektion<br />
|Langwirksame Empfängnisverhütung<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
|Norethisteronenantat<br />
|Lösung<br />
|Langwirksame Empfängnisverhütung<br />
|1985<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.1.3 Intrauterinpessar<br />
|-<br />
|Kupferhaltiges Intrauterinpessar<br />
|<br />
|(Intrauterine) Empfängnisverhütung<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Levonorgestrelfreisetzendes Intrauterinpessar<br />
|<br />
|(Intrauterine) Empfängnisverhütung<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.1.4 Mechanische Empfängnisverhütung<br />
|-<br />
|Kondom<br />
|<br />
|Mechanische Empfängnisverhütung<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
|Diaphragma<br />
|<br />
|Mechanische Empfängnisverhütung<br />
|1988<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.1.5 Implantierbare Kontrazeptiva<br />
|-<br />
|Etonogestrel-freisetzendes Implantat<br />
|<br />
|Langfristige Empfängnisverhütung (Progestin-basiert)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Levonorgestrel-freisetzendes Implantat<br />
|<br />
|Langfristige Empfängnisverhütung (Progestin-basiert)<br />
|k. A.<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.1.6 Intravaginale Kontrazeptiva<br />
|-<br />
|Progesteronhaltiger Vaginalring<br />
|<br />
|Für die Empfängnisverhütung in der Stillphase<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.2 Ovulationsinduktion<br />
|-<br />
|Clomifen (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.3 Oxytocine<br />
|-<br />
|Carbetocin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Ergometrin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Einleitung oder Verstärkung von Wehen, Behandlung von Blutungen nach der Geburt, alternativ oder ergänzend zu Oxytocin<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Mifepriston + Misoprostol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Schwangerschaftsabbruch („Wo gesetzlich erlaubt und kulturell akzeptiert“)<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
|Misoprostol<br />
|Tablette, vaginale Tablette<br />
|Einleitung von termingerechten Wehen, Abortausstoßung<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
|Oxytocin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Einleitung oder Verstärkung von Wehen, Behandlung von Blutungen nach der Geburt<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.4 Wehenhemmer (Tokolytika)<br />
|-<br />
|Nifedipin<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Hemmung von vorzeitigen Wehen<br />
|2005<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.5 Medikamente für die Mutter<br />
|-<br />
|Dexamethason<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Tranexamsäure<br />
|Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |22.6 Medikamente für das Neugeborene<br />
|-<br />
|Coffeincitrat<br />
|Injektion, Saft<br />
|<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Chlorhexidin<br />
|Lösung oder Gel<br />
|Pflege der Nabelschnur<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Ibuprofen (komplementär)<br />
|Lösung zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Prostaglandin E1 und E2 (komplementär)<br />
|Lösung zur Injektion<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Surfactant (komplementär)<br />
|Lösung zur intratrachealen Instillation<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 23 Peritonealdialyse-Lösungen ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|intraperitoneale Dialyselösung (komplementär)<br />
|Lösung adäquater Zusammensetzung<br />
|Erhaltung des Flüssigkeit- und Elektrolythaushaltes bei Patienten mit akutem oder chronischem Nierenversagen<br />
|1977<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 24 Psychopharmaka ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |24.1 Antipsychotische Medikamente<br />
|-<br />
|Chlorpromazin<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Schizophrenie und anderer Psychosen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Fluphenazin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Erhaltungsbehandlung der Schizophrenie und anderer Psychosen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Haloperidol<br />
|Injektion, Tablette<br />
|Schizophrenie und andere Psychosen, Manie, psychomotorische Unruhe und aggressives Verhalten, in Kombinationstherapie bei schweren Angststörungen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Risperidon<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Schizophrenie<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Chlorpromazin (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Schizophrenie und anderer Psychosen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Clozapin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung von therapieresistenten Psychosen<br />
|2013<br />
|-<br />
|Haloperidol (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion, Saft, Kapsel<br />
|Schizophrenie und andere Psychosen, Manie, psychomotorische Unruhe und aggressives Verhalten, in Kombinationstherapie bei schweren Angststörungen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |24.2 Medikamente bei affektiven Störungen<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |24.2.1 Behandlung der Depression<br />
|-<br />
|Amitriptylin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Trizyklisches Antidepressivum zur Behandlung mittelschwerer und schwerer Depression, neuropathischer Schmerz<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Fluoxetin<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung mittelschwerer und schwerer Depressionen<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
|Fluoxetin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Behandlung mittelschwerer und schwerer Depressionen<br />
|2007<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |24.2.2 Behandlung der Bipolaren Störung<br />
|-<br />
|Carbamazepin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe von bipolaren Störungen bei fehlendem Ansprechen auf Lithium<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Lithiumcarbonat<br />
|Kapsel, Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe und Behandlung bipolarer (manisch-depressiver) Störungen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Valproinsäure<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung manischer Episoden der bipolaren Störung<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |24.3 Medikamente bei Angst<br />
|-<br />
|Diazepam<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Langwirksames Benzodiazepin zur Angstlösung (Anxiolyse) und Schlafförderung<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |24.4 Medikamente bei Zwangsstörungen<br />
|-<br />
|Clomipramin<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Kontrolle von Panikattacken und Zwangsstörungen<br />
|1995<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |24.5 Medikamente bei Suchterkrankungen<br />
|-<br />
|Bupropion<br />
|Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
|Nikotinersatztherapie<br />
|Kaugummi, Pflaster<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Methadon (komplementär)<br />
|Saft<br />
|Behandlung der Opioid-Abhängigkeit im Rahmen fester Programme (alternativ Buprenorphin)<br />
|2005<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 25 Am Atemtrakt wirksame Stoffe ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |25.1 Medikamente zur Behandlung von Asthma bronchiale und der chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD)<br />
|-<br />
|Beclometason<br />
|Inhalation als Aerosol<br />
|Inhalatives Kortikosteroid zu Anwendung bei Asthma bronchiale und COPD<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Budesonid<br />
|Inhalation als Aerosol<br />
|(Inhalatives Kortikosteroid zu Anwendung bei Asthma bronchiale und COPD)<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Budesonid + Formoterol<br />
|Pulver zur Inhalation<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Adrenalin<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Behandlung des akuten Asthmaanfalls bei Versagen von Beta-2-Sympathomimetika<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Ipratropiumbromid<br />
|Inhalation als Aerosol<br />
|Chronisches Asthma bronchiale, COPD<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Salbutamol<br />
|Inhalation (Aerosol, Vernebler), Injektion<br />
|Therapie und Prophylaxe von Asthma bronchiale und andere Atemwegsobstruktionen<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Tiotropium<br />
|Pulver oder Lösung zur Inhalation, Kapsel<br />
|<br />
|2019<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 26 Lösungen zur Behandlung von Störungen des Wasser-, Elektrolyt- und Säure-Basen-Haushaltes ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |26.1 Peroral<br />
|-<br />
|Orale Rehydrationssalze<br />
|lösliches Pulver<br />
|Ersatz von Salz- und Wasserverlusten bei Durchfall (Diarrhoe)<br />
|k. A.<br />
|-<br />
|Kaliumchlorid<br />
|lösliches Pulver<br />
|Vermeidung und Behandlung des Kaliummangels, insbesondere unter Diuretika-Therapie<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |26.2 Parenteral<br />
|-<br />
|Glucose<br />
|Lösung zur Injektion<br />
|Flüssigkeitsersatz bei normalen Elektrolytkonzentrationen, Behandlung der Unterzuckerung (Hypoglykämie)<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Glucose mit Natriumchlorid<br />
|Lösung zur Injektion<br />
|Flüssigkeits- und Elektrolytersatz<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Kaliumchlorid<br />
|Lösung zur Injektion<br />
|Vermeidung und Behandlung des Kaliummangels<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Natriumchlorid<br />
|Lösung zur Injektion<br />
|Infusionstherapie zum Flüssigkeits- und Elektrolytersatz<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Natriumhydrogencarbonat<br />
|Lösung zur Injektion<br />
|Behandlung der metabolischen Azidose<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Natriumlaktat, Kombinationslösung<br />
|Lösung zur Injektion<br />
|Infusionstherapie vor und während Operationen, Volumenmangelschock<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |26.3 Verschiedenes<br />
|-<br />
|Wasser für Injektionszwecke<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Zum Auflösen und Verdünnen, in Ampullen abgefüllt.<br />
|1977<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 27 Vitamine und Mineralstoffe ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Ascorbinsäure<br />
(Vitamin C)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe und Therapie von Skorbut<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Cholecalciferol<br />
(Vitamin D<sub>3</sub>)<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Ergocalciferol<br />
(Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>)<br />
|Kapsel, Saft, Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe und Therapie des Vitamin-D-Mangels bei Malabsorption oder chronischen Leber-Erkrankungen, Calciummangel bei Hypoparathyreoidismus<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Iod<br />
|iodhaltiges Öl, Kapsel<br />
|Struma-Prophylaxe in Iodmangelgebieten, wo der Bedarf durch Iodsalz nicht gedeckt ist<br />
|1990<br />
|-<br />
|Nicotinamid<br />
(Vitamin B<sub>3</sub>)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe und Therapie des Nicotinamid-Mangels<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Pulver mit mehreren Mikronährstoffen<br />
|Sachet<br />
|enthält Eisen, Zink und Vitamin A<br />
|2019<br />
|-<br />
|Pyridoxin<br />
(Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Pyroxidin-Mangels aufgrund metabolischer Erkrankungen, bei Nervenschäden durch Isoniazid, Sideroblastische Anämie<br />
|1979<br />
|-<br />
|Retinol<br />
(Vitamin A)<br />
|Kapsel, ölige Trinklösung, Tablette, wassermischbare Injektion<br />
|Prophylaxe und Therapie des Retinol-Mangels, Vermeidung von Komplikationen der Masern<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Riboflavin<br />
(Vitamin B<sub>2</sub>)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Therapie des Riboflavin-Mangels<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|<s>Natriumfluorid</s><br />
|<s>topische Formulierung</s><br />
|<s>Prävention von Karies</s><br />
|<s>1979</s><br />
|-<br />
|Thiamin<br />
(Vitamin B<sub>1</sub>)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Prophylaxe und Therapie des Thiamin-Mangels<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
|Calciumgluconat (komplementär)<br />
|Injektion<br />
|Therapie der Tetanie aufgrund von Calciummangel<br />
|1998<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 28 Behandlung von HNO-Erkrankungen des Kindesalters ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Essigsäure<br />
|Topische Formulierung<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Budesonid<br />
|Nasenspray<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Ciprofloxacin<br />
|Topische Formulierung<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|-<br />
|Xylometazolin<br />
|Nasenspray<br />
|<br />
|2009<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 29 Wirkstoffe für Gelenkerkrankungen ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |29.1 Wirkstoffe zur Behandlung der Gicht<br />
|-<br />
|Allopurinol<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung der Gicht<br />
|1977<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |29.2 Basistherapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen<br />
|-<br />
|Chloroquin<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Fortschreitens von Erkrankungen des rheumatischen Formenkreises<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Azathioprin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Medikament der zweiten Wahl, falls ein anderes Mittel nicht effektiv ist<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Hydroxychloroquin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel<br />
|Alternative zu Chloroquin<br />
|2011<br />
|-<br />
|Methotrexat (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Immunsuppressivum, Erkrankungen des rheumatischen Formenkreises<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Penicillamin (komplementär)<br />
|Kapsel oder Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Fortschreitens von Erkrankungen des rheumatischen Formenkreises<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
|Sulfasalazin (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette<br />
|Behandlung des Fortschreitens der schweren rheumatoiden Arthritis<br />
|1998<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |29.3 Behandlung juveniler Gelenkerkrankungen<br />
|-<br />
|Acetylsalicylsäure (komplementär)<br />
|Tablette, Zäpfchen<br />
|rheumatisches Fieber, Jugendrheuma, Kawasaki-Syndrom<br />
|2013<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 30 Wirkstoffe für zahnmedizinische Zubereitungen ===<br />
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!empfohlene Applikationsform<br />
!Indikationen gemäß Weltgesundheitsorganisation<br />
!Jahr der Aufnahme<br />
|-<br />
|Fluoride<br />
|topische Formulierung (Zahnpasta, Zahncreme oder Zahngel 1000 bis 1500 ppm)<br />
|<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
|Glasionomerzement<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|2021<br />
|-<br />
|Silberdiaminfluorid<br />
|Lösung (38 % w/v)<br />
|<br />
|2021<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Anmerkungen und Verweise ==</div>
Elias1