Wikiciv - User contributions [en]

User:Sargeras

2025-05-21T19:23:03Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added a message

Hello there traveler. I did not expect anyone to stumble here, I would have cleaned some of the mess.

I take pride in digging rabbit holes on a multitude of subjects, and try to compact and extract the very substance of topics.

It can be somewhat consuming I recon, but that's the life I'm choosing. See you later!

----Hey sargeras. I noticed you made a change to measurement and calibration yesterday. I am not sure what part you changed, but there is now a copy of the "Useful Things to Note" section. Could you make sure it doesn't have two? I am leaving this to you because I assume you had a plan for that page but I am not sure what it is.

Thanks,

eixcosxsinxi

P.S. you can delete this message :)

Electromagnetism

2025-05-21T17:57:11Z

Eixcosxsinxi: described in more detail the electric field and started the heading on magnetic fields.

Electromagnetism is the study of electric fields and magnetic fields and how they interact.

== Electric Fields ==
An electric field is produced by any electric charge. If there is no charge, there is no field. In the real world, electric charges are all around us so there is always an electric field around us. If two electric charges would collide together or push away from each other with some force, the field tells us what force would happen if you placed a charge in a certain spot in space and time. That is why if there is a charge, there will be a field because any second charge you add will be attracted or pushed away by the first charge.

The force experienced by any two charges can be expressed by ke*(q*Q)/(r2). We label charge as q or Q depending on which is bigger. This essentially says that the force between these two charges is proportional to both of the charges thus q*Q and the force gets smaller the farther away they get thus you divide by the distance r between them and because of the Newton’s third law pair, both charges feel an equal force but have to factor in both their distances which both equal r in this notation. Therefore, you divide by r2. This is only a rough approximation of the force experienced and will later be expressed in an integral to take care of what happens when charge is not uniform. The relation of electric field to electric force is very tight. In fact, the electric field notated '''E''' is a way to measure what electric force would happen if there was a charge in that field. This means you can express the electric force as '''Fe''' = q*'''E''' where q is the charge you place in the field '''E'''. This means you can also express the electric field '''E''' as '''E''' = (ke*Q)/r2.

Since Q is not usually uniform, you can express q as a density function ρ of the position vector '''r'''. This can lead to the integral for '''E''' is '''E''' = ∫d'''E''' = ∫(dQ)/(r2)*'''r̂''' = ∫(ρ('''r'''))/(r2)*'''r̂'''dV. Using this equation, you can calculate the entire vector field representing '''E'''. This equation will give you the '''E''' field centered at some point (x,y,z) that is some radius r away from dQ and has an '''r̂''' unit vector pointing in the direction of the radius r. You can use this to calculate various different points in space and get a 3-dimensional vector field.

== Magnetic Fields ==
A magnetic field is similar to an electric field with a few key differences. Just like charges produce electric fields, magnets produce magnetic fields. All magnets produce a magnetic field. This means that in the real world, we are living in a magnetic field. This field notated '''B'''
[[Category:Physics]]

Radio

2025-05-21T15:43:13Z

Eixcosxsinxi: fixed spelling error

'''"Radio"''' refers to a family of technologies that make the use of [[electromagnetic waves]] in the [[radio frequency]] range, for purposes related to [[wireless telecommunications]] and other uses such as direction finding for [[navigation]], [[radar]], and microwave ovens among others.

== Key Concepts in Radio ==
These are some of the main general concepts required to understand radio technology at large.

=== [[Radio Waves]] ===
Radio waves are [[Electromagnetism|electromagnetic]] waves, with frequencies below roughly 300 GHz in the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] (or wavelengths larger than 1 millimeter). These waves are produced by the motion of electric charges, and they propagate at the speed of light through air, vacuum and other mediums to a case dependent degree.

Radio waves can be modified at their origin to imprint information on them (a process called modulation) and convey it wirelessly over long distances.

Radio signals are characterized by parameters such as their carrier frequency (the frequency of the unmodulated signal), their bandwidth (the size of the span of frequencies contained in the signal when modulated) and the type of modulation used in them.

=== Radio Transmitter ===
A device used to produce high frequency (radio frequency) alternating current, which is fed into an antenna for the emission of radio waves. The transmitter is powered by electricity and usually serves the additional role of modulating the RF signal to carry information, such as a sound signal, analog television, digital data or other.

Transmitter types and construction vary greatly depending on their frequency of operation, type of modulation, power output, and the technology used in its construction.

=== [[Radio Receiver]] ===
A device that takes the radio frequency signal captured by an antenna and extracts useful information modulated into said signal. A radio receiver usually performs the task of amplifying the incoming signals, filtering them so that only one frequency is selected (and the specific transmission on that frequency), and extracting the information being conveyed (demodulating).

=== Radio Antenna ===
A device used to convert radio-frequency electrical energy into electromagnetic waves that propagate through open space, and viceversa. Antennas are used both by transmitters and receivers, and can be of a variety of types depending on their purpose and mode of operation.

Antennas are usually built by the strategic arrangement of electrical conductors (cables) and optionally reflectors such as parabollic dishes or metal bars. They work by spatially arranging the conductors so that the magnetic and electric fields produced by RF electricity flowing through them interact in the right way required to form the electromagnetic waves. The same process works in the opposite direction, efficiently capturing radio waves and producing an electrical RF signal that can be processed by a radio receiver.

=== Modulation ===
The process of altering one or more parameters of a radio frequency carrier signal to convey information. There are many types of modulation used for different purposes, the most widely known being Amplitude Modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) used for commercial radio broadcasts.

The process of doing this modification to the carrier signal is called Modulation, and the system in charge of doing this is called a modulator (usually part of a transmitter), while the reverse process to retrieve the information is called demodulation, and is carried by a system called a demodulator, or detector in older literature. Demodulators are usually part of radio receivers.

== Uses of Radio Technology ==

=== Telecommunications ===
The main use of radio technology is the conveying of information wirelessly, over long distances. This can take the form of a broadcast, where a transmitter radiates a modulated signal over a large area to be accessible by users with a suitable receiver, or access can be restricted by encrypting the signal, scrambling (special types of modulation that requires special equipment to decode), or focusing the radio waves into narrow beams for point to point communications, such as in microwave links.

=== Radio Control ===
Unmanned equipment or vehicles can be controlled by sending commands via radio signals.

=== Navigation ===
A directional antenna system is able to determine the direction from which a radio signal is coming from, this allows the creation of navigation beacons that allow vehicles such as boats or planes to estimate their position and heading even with no visibility.

=== Radar ===
The detection of objects by radio waves being reflected off their surfaces. Using directional antenna systems that send pulses of radio waves in narrow beams allows to sense the direction of objects while the delay of the reflected signal from the transmitted one allows the calculation of the distance to them.

This technology has been of great military use since the second world war, typically operating in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Other uses include weather radar, which detects reflections from masses of water vapor in the atmosphere, traffic radar used to measure the speed of road vehicles, and astronomical radar used to detect objects in outer space, as could be done by the defunct Arecibo telescope.

=== Microwave ovens ===
Various materials can absorb radio waves (mainly microwaves) converting this energy into heat. This can be used to heat and cook food in a microwave oven, as well as other uses for high temperature chemistry and industrial processes.

Microwave heating was an accidental discovery during works on radar technology.

=== Radio Astronomy ===
The detection of radio waves produced naturally by astronomical objects, allowing their detection and study.

=== Wireless Power Transfer ===
It is possible, although extremely inefficient and impractical, to power devices remotely and wirelessly using powerful radio transmitters, as pioneered by Nikola Tesla.

Wireless power systems are inextricably subject to the inverse square law, which reduces the power output over distance for any given antenna system, as well as inherent energy waste from waves radiating in directions where they are not captured by any device making use of them.
[[Category:Physics]][[Category:Engineering]]

Radio

2025-05-21T13:16:29Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

'''"Radio"''' refers to a family of technologies that make the use of [[electromagnetic waves]] in the [[radio frequency]] range, for purposes related to [[wireless telecommunications]] and other uses such as direction finding for [[navigation]], [[radar]], and microwave ovens among others.

== Key Concepts in Radio ==
These are some of the main general concepts required to understand radio technology at large.

=== [[Radio Waves]] ===
Radio waves are [[Electromagnetism|electromagnetic]] waves, with frequencies below roughly 300 GHz in the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] (or wavelengths larger than 1 millimeter). These waves are produced by the motion of electric charges, and they propagate at the speed of light through air, vacuum and other mediums to a case dependent degree.

Radio waves can be modified at their origin to imprint information on them (a process called modulation) and convey it wiressly over long distances.

Radio signals are characterized by parameters such as their carrier frequency (the frequency of the unmodulated signal), their bandwidth (the size of the span of frequencies contained in the signal when modulated) and the type of modulation used in them.

=== Radio Transmitter ===
A device used to produce high frequency (radio frequency) alternating current, which is fed into an antenna for the emission of radio waves. The transmitter is powered by electricity and usually serves the additional role of modulating the RF signal to carry information, such as a sound signal, analog television, digital data or other.

Transmitter types and construction vary greatly depending on their frequency of operation, type of modulation, power output, and the technology used in its construction.

=== [[Radio Receiver]] ===
A device that takes the radio frequency signal captured by an antenna and extracts useful information modulated into said signal. A radio receiver usually performs the task of amplifying the incoming signals, filtering them so that only one frequency is selected (and the specific transmission on that frequency), and extracting the information being conveyed (demodulating).

=== Radio Antenna ===
A device used to convert radio-frequency electrical energy into electromagnetic waves that propagate through open space, and viceversa. Antennas are used both by transmitters and receivers, and can be of a variety of types depending on their purpose and mode of operation.

Antennas are usually built by the strategic arrangement of electrical conductors (cables) and optionally reflectors such as parabollic dishes or metal bars. They work by spatially arranging the conductors so that the magnetic and electric fields produced by RF electricity flowing through them interact in the right way required to form the electromagnetic waves. The same process works in the opposite direction, efficiently capturing radio waves and producing an electrical RF signal that can be processed by a radio receiver.

=== Modulation ===
The process of altering one or more parameters of a radio frequency carrier signal to convey information. There are many types of modulation used for different purposes, the most widely known being Amplitude Modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) used for commercial radio broadcasts.

The process of doing this modification to the carrier signal is called Modulation, and the system in charge of doing this is called a modulator (usually part of a transmitter), while the reverse process to retrieve the information is called demodulation, and is carried by a system called a demodulator, or detector in older literature. Demodulators are usually part of radio receivers.

== Uses of Radio Technology ==

=== Telecommunications ===
The main use of radio technology is the conveying of information wirelessly, over long distances. This can take the form of a broadcast, where a transmitter radiates a modulated signal over a large area to be accessible by users with a suitable receiver, or access can be restricted by encrypting the signal, scrambling (special types of modulation that requires special equipment to decode), or focusing the radio waves into narrow beams for point to point communications, such as in microwave links.

=== Radio Control ===
Unmanned equipment or vehicles can be controlled by sending commands via radio signals.

=== Navigation ===
A directional antenna system is able to determine the direction from which a radio signal is coming from, this allows the creation of navigation beacons that allow vehicles such as boats or planes to estimate their position and heading even with no visibility.

=== Radar ===
The detection of objects by radio waves being reflected off their surfaces. Using directional antenna systems that send pulses of radio waves in narrow beams allows to sense the direction of objects while the delay of the reflected signal from the transmitted one allows the calculation of the distance to them.

This technology has been of great military use since the second world war, typically operating in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Other uses include weather radar, which detects reflections from masses of water vapor in the atmosphere, traffic radar used to measure the speed of road vehicles, and astronomical radar used to detect objects in outer space, as could be done by the defunct Arecibo telescope.

=== Microwave ovens ===
Various materials can absorb radio waves (mainly microwaves) converting this energy into heat. This can be used to heat and cook food in a microwave oven, as well as other uses for high temperature chemistry and industrial processes.

Microwave heating was an accidental discovery during works on radar technology.

=== Radio Astronomy ===
The detection of radio waves produced naturally by astronomical objects, allowing their detection and study.

=== Wireless Power Transfer ===
It is possible, although extremely inefficient and impractical, to power devices remotely and wirelessly using powerful radio transmitters, as pioneered by Nikola Tesla.

Wireless power systems are inextricably subject to the inverse square law, which reduces the power output over distance for any given antenna system, as well as inherent energy waste from waves radiating in directions where they are not captured by any device making use of them.
[[Category:Physics]][[Category:Engineering]]

Radio

2025-05-21T13:14:27Z

Eixcosxsinxi: /* Radio Waves */

'''"Radio"''' refers to a family of technologies that make the use of [[electromagnetic waves]] in the [[radio frequency]] range, for purposes related to [[wireless telecommunications]] and other uses such as direction finding for [[navigation]], [[radar]], and microwave ovens among others.

== Key Concepts in Radio ==
These are some of the main general concepts required to understand radio technology at large.

=== [[Radio Waves]] ===
Radio waves are [[Electromagnetism|electromagnetic]] waves, with frequencies below roughly 300 GHz in the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] (or wavelengths larger than 1 millimeter). These waves are produced by the motion of electric charges, and they propagate at the speed of light through air, vacuum and other mediums to a case dependent degree.

Radio waves can be modified at their origin to imprint information on them (a process called modulation) and convey it wiressly over long distances.

Radio signals are characterized by parameters such as their carrier frequency (the frequency of the unmodulated signal), their bandwidth (the size of the span of frequencies contained in the signal when modulated) and the type of modulation used in them.

=== Radio Transmitter ===
A device used to produce high frequency (radio frequency) alternating current, which is fed into an antenna for the emission of radio waves. The transmitter is powered by electricity and usually serves the additional role of modulating the RF signal to carry information, such as a sound signal, analog television, digital data or other.

Transmitter types and construction vary greatly depending on their frequency of operation, type of modulation, power output, and the technology used in its construction.

=== [[Radio Receiver]] ===
A device that takes the radio frequency signal captured by an antenna and extracts useful information modulated into said signal. A radio receiver usually performs the task of amplifying the incoming signals, filtering them so that only one frequency is selected (and the specific transmission on that frequency), and extracting the information being conveyed (demodulating).

=== Radio Antenna ===
A device used to convert radio-frequency electrical energy into electromagnetic waves that propagate through open space, and viceversa. Antennas are used both by transmitters and receivers, and can be of a variety of types depending on their purpose and mode of operation.

Antennas are usually built by the strategic arrangement of electrical conductors (cables) and optionally reflectors such as parabollic dishes or metal bars. They work by spatially arranging the conductors so that the magnetic and electric fields produced by RF electricity flowing through them interact in the right way required to form the electromagnetic waves. The same process works in the opposite direction, efficiently capturing radio waves and producing an electrical RF signal that can be processed by a radio receiver.

=== Modulation ===
The process of altering one or more parameters of a radio frequency carrier signal to convey information. There are many types of modulation used for different purposes, the most widely known being Amplitude Modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) used for commercial radio broadcasts.

The process of doing this modification to the carrier signal is called Modulation, and the system in charge of doing this is called a modulator (usually part of a transmitter), while the reverse process to retrieve the information is called demodulation, and is carried by a system called a demodulator, or detector in older literature. Demodulators are usually part of radio receivers.

== Uses of Radio Technology ==

=== Telecommunications ===
The main use of radio technology is the conveying of information wirelessly, over long distances. This can take the form of a broadcast, where a transmitter radiates a modulated signal over a large area to be accessible by users with a suitable receiver, or access can be restricted by encrypting the signal, scrambling (special types of modulation that requires special equipment to decode), or focusing the radio waves into narrow beams for point to point communications, such as in microwave links.

=== Radio Control ===
Unmanned equipment or vehicles can be controlled by sending commands via radio signals.

=== Navigation ===
A directional antenna system is able to determine the direction from which a radio signal is coming from, this allows the creation of navigation beacons that allow vehicles such as boats or planes to estimate their position and heading even with no visibility.

=== Radar ===
The detection of objects by radio waves being reflected off their surfaces. Using directional antenna systems that send pulses of radio waves in narrow beams allows to sense the direction of objects while the delay of the reflected signal from the transmitted one allows the calculation of the distance to them.

This technology has been of great military use since the second world war, typically operating in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Other uses include weather radar, which detects reflections from masses of water vapor in the atmosphere, traffic radar used to measure the speed of road vehicles, and astronomical radar used to detect objects in outer space, as could be done by the defunct Arecibo telescope.

=== Microwave ovens ===
Various materials can absorb radio waves (mainly microwaves) converting this energy into heat. This can be used to heat and cook food in a microwave oven, as well as other uses for high temperature chemistry and industrial processes.

Microwave heating was an accidental discovery during works on radar technology.

=== Radio Astronomy ===
The detection of radio waves produced naturally by astronomical objects, allowing their detection and study.

=== Wireless Power Transfer ===
It is possible, although extremely inefficient and impractical, to power devices remotely and wirelessly using powerful radio transmitters, as pioneered by Nikola Tesla.

Wireless power systems are inextricably subject to the inverse square law, which reduces the power output over distance for any given antenna system, as well as inherent energy waste from waves radiating in directions where they are not captured by any device making use of them.
[[Category:Physics, Engineering]]

Theory

2025-05-21T13:10:58Z

Eixcosxsinxi: made the page "Theory"

A theory is a man-made statement that attempts to explain fundamental concepts. They are not proven to be true but usually are inferred based on known facts. One common example is the theory of evolution. This theory states that all creatures we see today came from a same cause some time ago. This same cause is proposed to be a common ancestor which many believe to be a single celled organism. This cannot be proved, nor will it ever be proved, but mainstream science has accepted this as fact. This theory of evolution also led to a theory of evolution for celestial bodies. Taking this train of thought, if evolution is true, then all planets and other celestial bodies came from a singular cause. This cause is proposed to be a singular "Big Bang" that exploded all matter that ever has existed in this universe all over also causing an expansion of the universe. This theory is backed up only by the proposed expansion of the universe. After developing the necessary technology to use the light coming from other stars and planets and split it up according to atomic spectra, scientists have observed that these spectra have shifted towards the red end of the light spectrum. This is called redshift and is one big proponent of reasoning to conclude that the universe is expanding (''See: [[Doppler Effect]]''). This coupled with another famous theory of how gravity works, scientists have claimed for a truth that the universe is expanding and therefore came from a singular cause: the Big Bang.

Electromagnetism

2025-05-21T12:55:15Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

Energetics

2025-05-21T12:53:40Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added link to steam engine

The scientific study of [[Energy]], primarily how to transfer move energy and change energy states.

The main job of energetics is to produce useful energy for automating processes that would normally require human labor.
=== Sources ===
Energy comes in a lot of forms. The two main theoretical forms are potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (moving energy).

Kinetic energy more formally is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object or particle and depends not only on its motion but also on its mass. The kind of motion may be translation (or motion along a path from one place to another), rotation about an axis, vibration, or any combination of motions.

Potential energy more formally is stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system. A spring has more potential energy when it is compressed or stretched. A steel ball has more potential energy raised above the ground than it has after falling to Earth. In the raised position it is capable of doing more work. Potential energy is a property of a system and not of an individual body or particle; the system composed of Earth and the raised ball, for example, has more potential energy as the two are farther separated.

These two types of energy can be transformed into each other. A good example is if you raise an object up, you give it potential energy. The more you raise it, the more energy you give it. If you release it, it loses potential energy the closer it gets to the ground, but it gains kinetic energy as it picks up speed and slams into the earth.

Perhaps one of the most immediately useful sources is water. When you have flowing water, like a river or waterfall, you can use some of that kinetic energy to move other things.

The primary way to do this is by something called a water wheel. This can be constructed out of any material but usually it is made out of wood. A water wheel is a large wheel that has buckets attached so that the moving water source catches the buckets and turns the wheel. The resulting energy from the spinning wheel can be used to rotate a shaft which can transfer the moving energy anywhere you want. This rotating energy is usually used for massive turning operations. Some of these operations may include grinding grains into flour, turning a spit that has food on it so that the food gets cooked well all around, even turning large machines like textile machines. This spinning motion can also generate [[electricity]]. Electricity is perhaps the most useful form of energy that humans have discovered so far because it can travel really far and fast without losing energy.

Since spinning an axel is the best form of generating energy, here are several ways to do it.

==== Water wheel ====
The water wheel is perhaps the best device to start off with. It can easily be built as a [[wheel]] with buckets attached. This wheel can spin the axel attached to its center and the spinning axel can transfer the energy.

==== Heat ====
Once you find [[coal]], you can use this or other heat sources to create steam with water. The steam can be directed to move in an upwards direction where there can be a fan. The steam will attempt to push upwards through the fan thus rotating the fan. This is the basics of a [[steam engine]]. Heat can also be generated using radioactive elements. This is the basics of a [[nuclear reactor]].

==== Gasoline ====
Assuming there is actually an earth left still, you should be able to scrounge around for leftover parts. You should be able to find cars and other heavy equipment that has an [[engine]] in it. This is powered by an [[oil]] byproduct called gasoline.

=== Uses ===
Once generated, energy is a wildly helpful resource. The main purpose is storing it and using it later in situations that are hard to accomplish with just humans.

Some common uses are transportation, automation, and with electricity, the internet.

==== Transportation ====
Basic transportation will likely at first not use stored energy but transfer different types of mechanical energy like you can with [[simple machines]]. As civilization gets more advanced, you can use these sources of energy to power a vehicle. The [[steam engine]] was the first way that this happened. Steam created by heating water with coal can be directed to a cylinder that will have a piston in it. As the pressure from the steam builds, it will push the piston upwards and then escape through a hole in the cylinder to be condensed back into water. This will allow the piston to fall back in place and more steam to build up pressure. This cycle causes an up and down motion of the piston which can be translated into rotational motion by use of cams and a crankshaft. This rotational energy can be used to turn an axel that has wheels on it thus powering a vehicle. Therefore, people can ride it and carry stuff in it with only needing to supply coal and make sure the fire does not go out.

==== Automation ====
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-19T16:09:16Z

Eixcosxsinxi: defined, described, and gave an example of the mole.

The '''International System of Units (SI)''' is the modern metric system used globally for precise measurement. It defines seven base units (meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela) from which all other units are derived. These units are '''universal, coherent, and based on fundamental physical constants'''. By adopting SI units, a post-collapse society can '''restore scientific progress, fair trade, and efficient resource management''', laying the groundwork for sustainable development.
= Useful Things to Note =
== Scientific Notation ==
Numbers can get large really fast. To shorten this so that we don't have 30 zeros floating at the end of every number, we use some basic math to describe a notation. If the number has a E(some number here), e(number), or even x10^(number), this stands in the place of x10(number).

This means that you can shorten the number 467,110,000,000 to 4.67110000000x10^11 or, roughly 4.67E11. A negative number means the same that any negative exponent means. (''See basic rules of [[Math]]'')

This means you can turn the number 0.000000846 to 8.46E-7.

== Prefixes ==
Because the previous notation can be hard to read, prefixes are available to whatever unit you want. For instance, instead of 2.53x10^-5 meters, you could say 25.3 µm which means 25.3 1 thousandths of a meter. This is much easier to picture even though it is still really small.

A common set of these prefixes go as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!name
!symbol
!meaning
!
!name
!symbol
!meaning
|-
|queta
|Q
|x1030
|
|quecto
|q
|x10-30
|-
|ronna
|R
|x1027
|
|ronto
|r
|x10-27
|-
|yotta
|Y
|x1024
|
|yocto
|y
|x10-24
|-
|zeta
|Z
|x1021
|
|zepto
|z
|x10-21
|-
|exa
|E
|x1018
|
|atto
|a
|x10-18
|-
|peta
|P
|x1015
|
|femto
|f
|x10-15
|-
|tera
|T
|x1012
|
|pico
|p
|x10-12
|-
|giga
|G
|x109
|
|nano
|n
|x10-9
|-
|mega
|M
|x106
|
|micro
|μ
|x10-6
|-
|kilo
|k
|x103
|
|mili
|m
|x10-3
|-
|hecto
|h
|x102
|
|centi
|c
|x10-2
|-
|deka
|da
|x101
|
|deci
|d
|x10-1
|}

= The Units =
== Distance: the meter ==
The '''meter''' is described to be roughly the length of a walking step, using the more precise definition of '''the distance light can travel in 1/(299,792,458) seconds.''' This comes out to be roughly 3.33564095E-9 seconds

To approximate the meter, several methods exist:

# a second-pendulum: by suspending a mass from a length of one meter

== Mass: the kilogram ==

== Time: the second ==
The '''second''' is historically defined through the '''duration of the day'''. One day is divided into 24 hours, which are first divided into 60 minutes which are in turn divided into 60 second each.

* 1 day = 24 hours, 1 hour = 60 minutes, 1 minute = 60 seconds.

More recently the second has been redefined as a number of vibrations of the cesium element, but in everyday life this definition does not have practical use.

Theres also a "human" way to track time, But it can differ on all sorts of elements. Take this as a "basic" way to tell time.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Human way to track
!Unit
!How to measure
!Equivalent to
|-
|Breath.
|Inhale and exhale.
|~5 seconds.
|-
|Heartbeat.
|Place your second and third finger from your thumb, on your wrist or neck, every beat is a pulse.
|~1 second.
|-
|Sunrise to sunset.
|From the moment you can see the sun, to the moment it can't be seen anymore.
|~11-16 hours, depending on season and place.
|-
|One sunrise to another sunrise.
|From one sunrise to another.
|~1 day, depending on where you are.
|-
|30 sunrise to sunrise cycles.
|The time it takes to see 30 sunrises.
|~1 month.
|-
|4 months.
|about every 4 months, ~120 sunrise cycles.
|~1 season.
|-
|4 seasons
|about every 4 seasons, 12 months, ~360 sunrise cycles
|~1 year
|}

== Electric current: the ampere ==

== Temperature: the kelvin ==

== Quantity: the mole ==
The number of atoms in 1 gram of Carbon-12. A mole is a counting unit. The units of moles are abbreviated as mol. Just like you can have 1 dozen eggs which is 12 eggs, you can have 3 moles of atoms. The definition based off of Carbon is to make the mole a standard number of atoms. This number is roughly 6.022E23. This is a lot of atoms but as per the definition, 1 gram of carbon-12 has exactly 1 mole of Carbon atoms. This leads to the statement that Carbon-12 weighs exactly 12 grams for every mol. This unit gives chemists a nice way to convert between ratios of atoms and amount of the substance. For instance, H2O is the chemical formula for water. This means in order to make one molecule of water, you need two atoms of Hydrogen for every one atom of Oxygen. Barring the fact that Oxygen does not naturally occur in one singular atom, you could say that since one atom of Hydrogen weighs 1.00794 grams per mol, and Oxygen weighs 15.999 grams per mol, you could say for every 1.00794 grams of Hydrogen you need 15.999 grams of Oxygen to create water with little to no excess.

== : the candela ==

== Useful sub-units ==

=== Frequency: number of occurrences per second ===

=== Force: mass x displacement over time ===

=== Pressure: force over surface ===
Energy
[[Category:Maths]]
[[Category:Physics]]

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-18T12:42:25Z

Eixcosxsinxi: /* Scientific Notation */

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-16T16:17:12Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added table of prefixes

Electromagnetism

2025-05-16T13:40:46Z

Eixcosxsinxi: Started a page on electromagnetism

Compass

2025-05-16T13:27:11Z

Eixcosxsinxi: Added link to electromagnetism

[[File:2016 Busola.JPG|thumb]]
A '''compass''' is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with magnetic north. Other methods may be used, including gyroscopes, magnetometers, and GPS receivers.

Compasses often show angles in degrees: north corresponds to 0°, and the angles increase clockwise, so east is 90°, south is 180°, and west is 270°. These numbers allow the compass to show azimuths or bearings which are commonly stated in degrees. If local variation between magnetic north and true north is known, then direction of magnetic north also gives direction of true north.

Among the Four Great Inventions, the magnetic compass was first invented as a device for divination as early as the Chinese Han dynasty (since c. 206 BC), and later adopted for navigation by the Song dynasty Chinese during the 11th century. The first usage of a compass recorded in Western Europe and the Islamic world occurred around 1190.

The magnetic compass is the most familiar compass type. It functions as a pointer to "magnetic north", the local magnetic meridian, because the magnetized needle at its heart aligns itself with the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. The magnetic field exerts a torque on the needle, pulling the North end or ''pole'' of the needle approximately toward the Earth's North magnetic pole, and pulling the other toward the Earth's South magnetic pole. The needle is mounted on a low-friction pivot point, in better compasses a jewel bearing, so it can turn easily. When the compass is held level, the needle turns until, after a few seconds to allow oscillations to die out, it settles into its equilibrium orientation.

In navigation, directions on maps are usually expressed with reference to geographical or true north, the direction toward the Geographical North Pole, the rotation axis of the Earth. Depending on where the compass is located on the surface of the Earth the angle between true north and magnetic north, called magnetic declination can vary widely with geographic location. The local magnetic declination is given on most maps, to allow the map to be oriented with a compass parallel to true north. The locations of the Earth's magnetic poles slowly change with time, which is referred to as geomagnetic secular variation. The effect of this means a map with the latest declination information should be used. Some magnetic compasses include means to manually compensate for the magnetic declination, so that the compass shows true directions.

== How to use a Compass ==

=== What You Need: ===

* A compass
* A map (preferably topographic if you’re hiking)

----

=== Step 1: Understand the Parts of the Compass ===
Most basic compasses include:

* '''Baseplate''' – Flat surface with rulers for measuring.
* '''Magnetic Needle''' – Red end points to magnetic north.
* '''Rotating Bezel (Compass Dial)''' – Shows degrees (0°–360°).
* '''Orienting Arrow and Lines''' – Helps line up the compass with map north.
* '''Direction of Travel Arrow''' – Points in the direction you want to go.

----

=== Step 2: Hold the Compass Correctly ===

* Hold the compass flat in your hand at waist level, so the needle can move freely.
* Make sure the direction-of-travel arrow points straight ahead of you.

----

=== Step 3: Use a Map (Optional but Helpful) ===
If you're using a map:

# Place the compass on the map with the edge along your intended route.
# Rotate the bezel so the orienting lines match up with the north-south lines on the map.
# Turn the map and compass together until the red needle lines up with the orienting arrow inside the bezel — '''“red in the shed.”'''
# Now the direction-of-travel arrow shows the direction to walk.

----

=== Step 4: Follow the Bearing ===

* With the needle lined up inside the orienting arrow, keep the compass steady and follow the direction of the travel arrow.
* Keep checking to ensure the needle stays aligned — this keeps you on course.

----

=== Tips: ===

* '''Avoid metal objects or electronics''' nearby, as they can affect the needle.
* '''Magnetic North ≠ True North''' — maps are based on true north, so consider declination if accuracy is important.

== How to build a compass ==

=== 🧰 Materials Needed: ===

* A '''needle''' or small straight metal pin
* A '''magnet''' (a fridge magnet will work)
* A small '''bowl of water'''
* A piece of '''cork''', '''foam''', or a '''leaf''' (something that can float)
* Optional: Paper towel or tape (to hold the needle on the float)

----

=== Steps: ===

=== 1. Magnetize the Needle ===

* Rub the '''magnet''' along the needle in one direction only (not back and forth).
* Do this about 20–30 times to magnetize it.
* This aligns the needle’s electrons and turns it into a temporary magnet.

<blockquote>'''Why this works:''' The magnetized needle will now align with the Earth’s magnetic field, pointing north-south. (See [[electromagnetism]] for a better understanding)</blockquote>
----

=== 2. Prepare the Float ===

* Cut a small circle from '''cork''' or use a '''leaf''' or foam.
* Lay the needle gently on top.
** If using paper towel or tape, attach the needle securely to the float (be careful not to cover it completely).

----

=== 3. Float the Needle ===

* Fill a bowl with '''still water'''.
* Gently place the float with the needle in the center of the water.

----

=== 4. Observe the Needle Align ===

* The needle should slowly turn and align itself along the '''north–south''' axis.
* The end of the needle that was rubbed with the magnet will point toward '''magnetic north'''.

----

=== Tips: ===

* Make sure the water is still and there are no metal objects or electronics nearby.
* If it doesn’t work, try rubbing the magnet on the needle longer or replacing the needle and trying again.

== Sun methode ==
[[File:Watch method for navigation.jpg|thumb]]
If you have an analog watch with you, there is another and somewhat more reliable method, at least if it's daytime and the Sun is visible above the horizon. Lay the watch flat, and rotate it until the hour hand is lined up with the Sun, along a straight line of sight. The hour hand will form an angle with the number 12 on the dial. Divide the angle in half, and you'll have a line bisecting the dial – the end between the hour and and 12:00 is pointing South, and the other end is pointing North. Before noon, you measure clockwise from the hour hand, and after noon, counterclockwise. Remember, if your watch is set to Daylight Saving Time, you'll need to adjust the method accordingly (you can either set the hour hand back one hour, or just use the 1:00 mark instead of the 12:00 mark).

The principle is the same if you're in the Southern Hemisphere, but slightly different. If you're south of the Equator, the Sun is in the northern part of the sky. You hold your watch horizontally, and align the ''12:00 marker'' with the Sun. ''North,'' not South, will be at the halfway point between the hour hand and the 12:00 mark.

This method works in the Northern Hemisphere specifically, and the reason is that the Sun, in the Northern Hemisphere, follows an arc across the Southern part of the sky (traditionally, artists have favored studios with Northern exposure, in order to get more diffuse, less harsh indirect light than you'd get from a Southern exposure). If you're in the Northern Hemisphere and facing the Sun directly at noon, you are looking more or less directly South, and using the position of the hour hand gives you the necessary hourly offset from which to determine where the Sun would be if it were noon instead of (say) 3PM.

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-14T20:26:51Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added prefixes greater than 10^0

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-14T20:20:36Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added section on prefixes

Talk:Social Sciences and Philosophy

2025-05-14T20:13:24Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

Should we do the same thing that wikipedia does where every page will link back to this one after so many internal links? That would be funny if generations later, can find this same thing. 
CarsonBoardman: Did you just create a talk page before the article page? that's wack
-----
just thought it would be funny to add this easter egg :)

Steam engine

2025-05-14T20:11:31Z

Eixcosxsinxi: created link to engine

See [[Engine]] for more info for now

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-14T20:09:31Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added note about scientific notation

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-14T20:03:40Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-14T19:59:47Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-14T19:58:25Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-14T19:58:06Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

Measuring and Calibration

2025-05-14T19:57:03Z

Eixcosxsinxi: started reworking this page

Main Page

2025-05-14T19:47:59Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added link to energetics

{| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6"
|-
| colspan="2" |
<HR width="0">
{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#efefef; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
|-
| font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif |
'''Wikiciv'''
| align="right" |
{{CURRENTDAYNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} 
{{SITENAME}} currently has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles 
|}
|-
| valign="top" width="75%" |
{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#BBCCFF; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
|-
| '''Introduction''' 
|}
{| cellpadding="10" width="100%"
|-Vendetta
|
[[File:Le Moustier.jpg|350px|right|borderless]]
'''Welcome to Wikiciv!'''

Wikiciv is the wiki manual for building civilization from scratch that anyone can edit. It uses [https://www.mediawiki.org Media Wiki], the software that powers [https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia].

''We are at a delicate moment in history. The huge, onrushing mass of events must be deflected just a little, – just a little – It cannot be much, but it may be enough to remove twenty-nine thousand years of misery from human history.'' Hari Seldon

Foundation, Isaac Asimov, 1951
|}
{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#EECCFF; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
|-
| '''Featured Articles'''
|}
{| cellpadding="10" width="100%"
|-
|
* '''[[Charcoal]]''' is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating [[wood]] (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents.
* '''[[Fire]]''' is the rapid oxidation of a material (the [[fuel]]) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Fire requires the completion of the fire triangle of [[oxygen]], [[heat]], and [[fuel]].
* '''[[Water]]''' is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, despite providing neither food, energy, nor organic micronutrients.

|}

{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#EECCFF; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
|-
| '''Main topics'''
|}
{| cellpadding="10" width="100%"
|-
|'''Food and health:'''
* '''[[Agriculture and Horticulture]]'''
* '''[[Food preservation|Food Preservation]]'''
* '''[[Hunting, Fishing and Foraging]]'''
* '''[[Livestock and Animal Management]]'''
* '''[[Medicine and Healthcare]]'''
* '''[[Hygiene|Soap Production and Hygiene]]'''
* '''[[Water|Water Management]]'''
|'''Crafts and techniques:'''
* '''[[Carpentry (forestry, woodworking)]]'''
* '''Glass Production'''
* '''[[Leather|Leatherwork]]'''
* '''[[Light, Candles and Lamps]]'''
* '''Metalwork (ore, forge, charcoal)'''
* '''[[Pottery]]''' '''(what, where, how)'''
* '''Stonework'''
* '''Textile (weaving, sewing)'''
|'''Concepts:'''
* '''Energy: Production and storage ([[Energetics]])'''
* '''Games and Entertainment'''
* '''Literacy and Numeracy'''
* '''[[Measuring and Calibration]]'''
* '''Orientation and Transport'''
* '''[[Politics and Economics]]'''
* '''[[Social Sciences and Philosophy]]'''
* '''[[Writing and Communication]]'''
|}
{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#f2f5fd; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
|-
| style="background:#dae5f2" | '''Articles that need expanding'''
|-
|
<div style="column-count:6">
* [[Adhesive]]
* [[Bellows]]
* [[Biomass]]
* [[Bloomery furnace]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Bow drill]]
* [[Canning]]
* [[Cement]]
* [[Club]]
* [[Coal]]
* [[Combined cycle plant]]
* [[Coriander]]
* [[Crops]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Diamond]]
* [[Energetics]]
* [[Ethylene glycol]]
* [[Fiberglass]]
* [[Food preservation]]
* [[Generator]]
* [[Graphite]]
* [[Gravel]]
* [[Hammer]]
* [[Hand drill]]
* [[Heat]]
* [[Helium]]
* [[Hydrocarbon]]
* [[Ice]]
* [[Leather]]
* [[Lime concrete]]
* [[Limestone]]
* [[Linen]]
* [[Match]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Methane gas]]
* [[Mud]]
* [[Nickel]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nylon]]
* [[Oil]]
* [[Panning]]
* [[Paper]]
* [[Petroleum]]
* [[Phosphorus]]
* [[Pig iron]]
* [[Potassium]]
* [[Pottery]]
* [[Pump drill]]
* [[Quartz]]
* [[Rawhide]]
* [[Refrigeration]]
* [[Rope]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sand]]
* [[Sandpaper]]
* [[Sandstone]]
* [[Scrap]]
* [[Scrap copper]]
* [[Scrap iron]]
* [[Scrap steel]]
* [[Seawater]]
* [[Shovel]]
* [[Sodium]]
* [[Stick]]
* [[Torch]]
* [[Water filter]]
* [[Wheel]]
* [[Wool]]
* [[Wrought iron]]
* [[Zeolite]]
* [[Zinc]]
</div>
|-
| style="background:#dae5f2" | '''Requested articles'''
|-
|
<div style="column-count:4">
* [[Shelter]] (covered)
* [[Water]] (add basic protocol for safe drinking)
* [[Fire]] (covered, some empty links)
* [[Foraging]]
* [[Twine]] and [[rope]] making
* Iron ore processing
* Metalwork, mostly iron
* Bows and [[Hunting, Fishing and Foraging|hunting]] tools making
* [[Furnace]]
* [[Adhesive]]
* [[Dirt]]
* [[Mirror]]
* [[Oven]]
* [[Spinach]]
* [[Carrot]]
* [[Battery]]
* [[Engine]]
</div>
|-
|
|}

{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="background:#efefef; -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px;"
|-
| font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif |
'''Getting started'''
[https://discord.gg/ZzdmgSKtrE <big>Join our Discord!</big>] 
[[Wikiciv:Volunteers|<big>Join Wikiciv!</big>]]
* [https://wikiciv.org/index.php/Special:AllPages All Pages]
* [[Wikiciv:About|About Wikiciv]]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Help:Editing|How to edit on Media Wiki]]
* [[mediawikiwiki:InstantCommons|Adding Images from Wikimedia Commons]]
* [[Wikiciv:Manual of style|Manual of style]]
* [[Wikiciv:Milestones|Milestones]]
* [[Wikiciv:Resources|Resources]]
* [[Wikiciv:To do|To do]]
* Tutorial: '''[[Wikipedia:Help:Introduction|Introduction to Wikipedia]]'''
|}
|}

User:Eixcosxsinxi

2025-05-14T19:45:50Z

Eixcosxsinxi: minor edit

Howdy folks. This is eixcosxsinxi a sophomore in computer engineering. Like Mathematician, I enjoy mathematics a lot. I am not nearly as able probably as him to review and do the stuff, but I love it none the less. Hence, my username. eix = cos(x) + sin(x)i => eixcosxsinxi

Energetics

2025-05-14T19:42:44Z

Eixcosxsinxi: created subsection on transportation

The scientific study of [[Energy]], primarily how to transfer move energy and change energy states.

The main job of energetics is to produce useful energy for automating processes that would normally require human labor.
=== Sources ===
Energy comes in a lot of forms. The two main theoretical forms are potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (moving energy).

Kinetic energy more formally is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object or particle and depends not only on its motion but also on its mass. The kind of motion may be translation (or motion along a path from one place to another), rotation about an axis, vibration, or any combination of motions.

Potential energy more formally is stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system. A spring has more potential energy when it is compressed or stretched. A steel ball has more potential energy raised above the ground than it has after falling to Earth. In the raised position it is capable of doing more work. Potential energy is a property of a system and not of an individual body or particle; the system composed of Earth and the raised ball, for example, has more potential energy as the two are farther separated.

These two types of energy can be transformed into each other. A good example is if you raise an object up, you give it potential energy. The more you raise it, the more energy you give it. If you release it, it loses potential energy the closer it gets to the ground, but it gains kinetic energy as it picks up speed and slams into the earth.

Perhaps one of the most immediately useful sources is water. When you have flowing water, like a river or waterfall, you can use some of that kinetic energy to move other things.

The primary way to do this is by something called a water wheel. This can be constructed out of any material but usually it is made out of wood. A water wheel is a large wheel that has buckets attached so that the moving water source catches the buckets and turns the wheel. The resulting energy from the spinning wheel can be used to rotate a shaft which can transfer the moving energy anywhere you want. This rotating energy is usually used for massive turning operations. Some of these operations may include grinding grains into flour, turning a spit that has food on it so that the food gets cooked well all around, even turning large machines like textile machines. This spinning motion can also generate [[electricity]]. Electricity is perhaps the most useful form of energy that humans have discovered so far because it can travel really far and fast without losing energy.

Since spinning an axel is the best form of generating energy, here are several ways to do it.

==== Water wheel ====
The water wheel is perhaps the best device to start off with. It can easily be built as a [[wheel]] with buckets attached. This wheel can spin the axel attached to its center and the spinning axel can transfer the energy.

==== Heat ====
Once you find [[coal]], you can use this or other heat sources to create steam with water. The steam can be directed to move in an upwards direction where there can be a fan. The steam will attempt to push upwards through the fan thus rotating the fan. This is the basics of a [[steam engine]]. Heat can also be generated using radioactive elements. This is the basics of a [[nuclear reactor]].

==== Gasoline ====
Assuming there is actually an earth left still, you should be able to scrounge around for leftover parts. You should be able to find cars and other heavy equipment that has an [[engine]] in it. This is powered by an [[oil]] byproduct called gasoline.

=== Uses ===
Once generated, energy is a wildly helpful resource. The main purpose is storing it and using it later in situations that are hard to accomplish with just humans.

Some common uses are transportation, automation, and with electricity, the internet.

==== Transportation ====
Basic transportation will likely at first not use stored energy but transfer different types of mechanical energy like you can with [[simple machines]]. As civilization gets more advanced, you can use these sources of energy to power a vehicle. The steam engine was the first way that this happened. Steam created by heating water with coal can be directed to a cylinder that will have a piston in it. As the pressure from the steam builds, it will push the piston upwards and then escape through a hole in the cylinder to be condensed back into water. This will allow the piston to fall back in place and more steam to build up pressure. This cycle causes an up and down motion of the piston which can be translated into rotational motion by use of cams and a crankshaft. This rotational energy can be used to turn an axel that has wheels on it thus powering a vehicle. Therefore, people can ride it and carry stuff in it with only needing to supply coal and make sure the fire does not go out.

==== Automation ====
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

User:Eixcosxsinxi

2025-05-14T13:36:56Z

Eixcosxsinxi: created my user-page

Howdy folks. This is eixcosxsinxi a sophomore in computer engineering.

Talk:Main Page

2025-05-14T13:35:28Z

Eixcosxsinxi: /* How are we doing in other languages besides English? */

> wiki for rebuilding society

> hosted on the internet

hello everyone! dragon here. this seems like a nice concept so im throwing up a talk page.

wanted to suggest a few things. should we include how-to pages? since this is a civilization rebuilder wiki, it seems relevant, and i havent seen any. i dont want to get out of hand on the simpler pages by going in detail on how to make, say, a bone burnisher on the bone page.

== How-Tos? ==

Should we include how-to sections in their relevant pages, or have them as additional pages so that we can pull from unrelated pages and relate the topics?

-----
I think how-to instructions is an absolute necessity in at least some capacity.

-fixedsyslabs

-----

The "How-To" section on the pages would be interesting, and I think the entire wiki should have "chapters" or sections based on the level of development required by the civilization to develop a technology.

It would be even more appropriate to cover the basics/essentials in the early chapters (such as shelter, food, water, healthcare...) and the more advanced aspects (like: nuclear power, aircraft, and other key elements related to heavy industry) in the later chapters according to their prerequisites.
To support my point: you first need to know how to make fire to solve your immediate problems before harnessing hydropower to perform mechanical tasks, and then generating electricity, for example. Moreover electricity isn't a prerequisite for industry if you can directly use hydropower or steam. (I don't know if that's clear enough.)

If the person who will, perhaps tomorrow, have to rebuild civilization by hand must find the tools necessary for their progress alone in a jumble of information, the initial objective of this project may not be achieved.

Variolus

-----

Yes, really this is about the How-Tos. There are pages on materials, but they are to be ingredients for the various how-to guides. Ideally, even the material pages would include, or at least link to pages on how to acquire them.

-Jehan

-----

Perhaps the creation of a system that is based on the needs that must be met by the the reader. As once basic survival is acheived then quality of life should be a focus to a point, then as the QoL needs are met the focus again shifts to understanding the why for themselves so that the Wiki remains a tool and not a crutch?

-Mathematician

-----

I believe How-to's should be included in all relevant articles and formatted as sections titled "Materials used" and "Crafting instructions" as described in the wiki's manual of style (https://wikiciv.org/index.php/Wikiciv:Manual_of_style)

-Gelsoup

-----

Adding a little more in here, true knowledge, the crucial stuff for re-developing a civilization, isn't only made from theoretical information, like turning through a book, you need some sort of practical know-how. No matter how much you describe how to nail two planks together, a step-by-step would still be very useful, if not as useful.

I also think some sort of "dependency system" would be required, like 'You need to know basic sewing and tailoring to make your own clothes', there is no need for someone to try to re-create electronic computer systems if they don't even have a basic hold on crucial stuff like farming, or health care.

-Comp nerd

-----
Unfortunately, theoretical information is all we can really provide as a wiki. All the more reason to make information as clear, practical, and accessible as possible.

As for dependencies, prerequisites are handled in the "Materials used" section and technologies dependant on the subject are placed in the "Dependencies" section. e.g "Brick" would have "Clay" in its "Materials used" section and "Clay" would have "Brick" in its "Dependencies" section. This way anyone wanting to make a specific technology could follow a chain of links in "Materials used" sections and determine every antecedent technology and the order in which to pursue them. Furthermore they would have some idea of what to do with that technology from the "Dependencies" section.

I think this is the most streamlined way of doing things; There's not much one can do to "order" a wiki, so even attempting to put things chronologically would be in vain. This egts the best result with the least fluff

-Gelsoup

== Should we include self-descriptive language in our articles? ==

Should we include language like "we use XYZ for ABC in recent times" in our articles? I think it would be nice to, in case civilization does go down, at least give people in the future a little taste of what we used to do, like and admire, like "Smartphones are a very big part of most people's life", just to preserve a little of history, as well to give some personality and context to the article

-----

I don't think we should use self-descriptive language, it can becoming damaging to objectivity. survivors using this information might end up essentially cargo culting the old days, rather than using this knowledge to create something that works well for them in their situation.

that's just my opinion, though.

-Michael B.

-----

I believe that self-descriptive language would add unnecessary clutter to the wiki. Furthermore, it would be unlikely for this wiki to be the only surviving information from us, and this cultural context (self-descriptive language) could be gathered from other sources. If anything of this nature is added, it should be in a isolated section, titled cultural relevance or something similar.

-Osborn Garcia

== How are we doing in other languages besides English? ==

Hey, just wanted to check if translation of common pages was being done, and to thank those who have indeed started that process!

-Mathematician

I'd say the "main" languages (mandarin chinese, hindi, spanish, french, arab) would be very useful, plus any languages users would be keen to translate to of course :)

-Sargeras

-----

The way other wikis have done this is by making English the main wiki, then having automatic translations into other versions. Machine translation has gotten pretty good so this is a good option I think.

-----

Unless there is no way for the machine to work especially if it needs internet.

-eixcosxsinxi

== Download whole wiki option ==

Could you please add option to download all articles in some searchable form, so people can have whole wiki in offline form on their devices? This wiki is supposed to help rebuild civ, so we should assume internet is not available in such case or it could be also used in remote/internet-free settings.

-----

== Put the articles in their respective columns ==

It would make it much better on the eyes if the main page had categories like the all metals being put into materials section and chemicals under chemistry

-Crackershot

== Use of media to guide our contents ==

With the aims and goals of this entire project, I think it might be a good idea to look into modern society building fiction for ideas on what to include.

Authors tend to have a creativity and worldbuilding perfectionism that help them think of societal fundamentals that we may miss. Especially in the early stages.

So it would probably be a good idea to use those works as a solid baseline, and yes I have Dr Stone in mind when I'm saying this.

== Dictionary ==

Would it be wise to add a dictionary sub-section so that people with different languages will have a common place to go to be able to communicate? I imagine if this wiki is necessary, the internet will probably be down and it will be difficult to translate languages without the internet.

== Metal working and pottery topics ==

I apprenticed with both a master blacksmith, and a tool and die machinist. I also spent time with the Neo-Tribal Metalsmiths, where we would make things with simple (often primitive) equipment. I can start working on writing this up, but I am not sure how to get started with the group.

For fun, you might want to take a look at Clickspring's YouTube channel on the Antikythera Fragments <https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZioPDnFPNsGnUXuZScwn6Ackf6LGILCa> -- where he not only builds a replica of the Antikythera Mechanism <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRXI9KLImC4&list=PLZioPDnFPNsHnyxfygxA0to4RXv4_jDU2>, but also the tools which could have been used to build it. This includes case-hardening mild steel, hand-cutting your own files, making spade drill bits, making a bow-drill, making and using a simple precision lathe, and soft soldering techniques. These are a great source of information. I can also add some info on building different types of forges, but my preferred type is charcoal with a hand-crank blower.

I also grew up in a family of potters, and my own work used the sgraffito carving technique, although my mother painted. Since sgraffito is so time-consuming, I typically bothered to dig my own clay, and sometimes pit-fire them. There is a large group of potters in Mata Ortiz, Mexico, who have allowed their techniques to be videotaped. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFTd8UIaDw for example. Depending on how much information you would like fleshed out, I could also add or comment on these techniques.

-----

Please add whatever you can. Create a page titled common tools or something. Make that the main page where you talk about what the main ideas are along with adding terms like bow-drill and stuff. You can then make those words be links to other pages that you can create.

-eixcosxsinxi

Talk:Main Page

2025-05-14T13:34:05Z

Eixcosxsinxi: /* Metal working and pottery topics */

> wiki for rebuilding society

> hosted on the internet

hello everyone! dragon here. this seems like a nice concept so im throwing up a talk page.

wanted to suggest a few things. should we include how-to pages? since this is a civilization rebuilder wiki, it seems relevant, and i havent seen any. i dont want to get out of hand on the simpler pages by going in detail on how to make, say, a bone burnisher on the bone page.

== How-Tos? ==

Should we include how-to sections in their relevant pages, or have them as additional pages so that we can pull from unrelated pages and relate the topics?

-----
I think how-to instructions is an absolute necessity in at least some capacity.

-fixedsyslabs

-----

The "How-To" section on the pages would be interesting, and I think the entire wiki should have "chapters" or sections based on the level of development required by the civilization to develop a technology.

It would be even more appropriate to cover the basics/essentials in the early chapters (such as shelter, food, water, healthcare...) and the more advanced aspects (like: nuclear power, aircraft, and other key elements related to heavy industry) in the later chapters according to their prerequisites.
To support my point: you first need to know how to make fire to solve your immediate problems before harnessing hydropower to perform mechanical tasks, and then generating electricity, for example. Moreover electricity isn't a prerequisite for industry if you can directly use hydropower or steam. (I don't know if that's clear enough.)

If the person who will, perhaps tomorrow, have to rebuild civilization by hand must find the tools necessary for their progress alone in a jumble of information, the initial objective of this project may not be achieved.

Variolus

-----

Yes, really this is about the How-Tos. There are pages on materials, but they are to be ingredients for the various how-to guides. Ideally, even the material pages would include, or at least link to pages on how to acquire them.

-Jehan

-----

Perhaps the creation of a system that is based on the needs that must be met by the the reader. As once basic survival is acheived then quality of life should be a focus to a point, then as the QoL needs are met the focus again shifts to understanding the why for themselves so that the Wiki remains a tool and not a crutch?

-Mathematician

-----

I believe How-to's should be included in all relevant articles and formatted as sections titled "Materials used" and "Crafting instructions" as described in the wiki's manual of style (https://wikiciv.org/index.php/Wikiciv:Manual_of_style)

-Gelsoup

-----

Adding a little more in here, true knowledge, the crucial stuff for re-developing a civilization, isn't only made from theoretical information, like turning through a book, you need some sort of practical know-how. No matter how much you describe how to nail two planks together, a step-by-step would still be very useful, if not as useful.

I also think some sort of "dependency system" would be required, like 'You need to know basic sewing and tailoring to make your own clothes', there is no need for someone to try to re-create electronic computer systems if they don't even have a basic hold on crucial stuff like farming, or health care.

-Comp nerd

-----
Unfortunately, theoretical information is all we can really provide as a wiki. All the more reason to make information as clear, practical, and accessible as possible.

As for dependencies, prerequisites are handled in the "Materials used" section and technologies dependant on the subject are placed in the "Dependencies" section. e.g "Brick" would have "Clay" in its "Materials used" section and "Clay" would have "Brick" in its "Dependencies" section. This way anyone wanting to make a specific technology could follow a chain of links in "Materials used" sections and determine every antecedent technology and the order in which to pursue them. Furthermore they would have some idea of what to do with that technology from the "Dependencies" section.

I think this is the most streamlined way of doing things; There's not much one can do to "order" a wiki, so even attempting to put things chronologically would be in vain. This egts the best result with the least fluff

-Gelsoup

== Should we include self-descriptive language in our articles? ==

Should we include language like "we use XYZ for ABC in recent times" in our articles? I think it would be nice to, in case civilization does go down, at least give people in the future a little taste of what we used to do, like and admire, like "Smartphones are a very big part of most people's life", just to preserve a little of history, as well to give some personality and context to the article

-----

I don't think we should use self-descriptive language, it can becoming damaging to objectivity. survivors using this information might end up essentially cargo culting the old days, rather than using this knowledge to create something that works well for them in their situation.

that's just my opinion, though.

-Michael B.

-----

I believe that self-descriptive language would add unnecessary clutter to the wiki. Furthermore, it would be unlikely for this wiki to be the only surviving information from us, and this cultural context (self-descriptive language) could be gathered from other sources. If anything of this nature is added, it should be in a isolated section, titled cultural relevance or something similar.

-Osborn Garcia

== How are we doing in other languages besides English? ==

Hey, just wanted to check if translation of common pages was being done, and to thank those who have indeed started that process!

-Mathematician

I'd say the "main" languages (mandarin chinese, hindi, spanish, french, arab) would be very useful, plus any languages users would be keen to translate to of course :)

-Sargeras

-----

The way other wikis have done this is by making English the main wiki, then having automatic translations into other versions. Machine translation has gotten pretty good so this is a good option I think.

== Download whole wiki option ==

Could you please add option to download all articles in some searchable form, so people can have whole wiki in offline form on their devices? This wiki is supposed to help rebuild civ, so we should assume internet is not available in such case or it could be also used in remote/internet-free settings.

-----

== Put the articles in their respective columns ==

It would make it much better on the eyes if the main page had categories like the all metals being put into materials section and chemicals under chemistry

-Crackershot

== Use of media to guide our contents ==

With the aims and goals of this entire project, I think it might be a good idea to look into modern society building fiction for ideas on what to include.

Authors tend to have a creativity and worldbuilding perfectionism that help them think of societal fundamentals that we may miss. Especially in the early stages.

So it would probably be a good idea to use those works as a solid baseline, and yes I have Dr Stone in mind when I'm saying this.

== Dictionary ==

Would it be wise to add a dictionary sub-section so that people with different languages will have a common place to go to be able to communicate? I imagine if this wiki is necessary, the internet will probably be down and it will be difficult to translate languages without the internet.

== Metal working and pottery topics ==

I apprenticed with both a master blacksmith, and a tool and die machinist. I also spent time with the Neo-Tribal Metalsmiths, where we would make things with simple (often primitive) equipment. I can start working on writing this up, but I am not sure how to get started with the group.

For fun, you might want to take a look at Clickspring's YouTube channel on the Antikythera Fragments <https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZioPDnFPNsGnUXuZScwn6Ackf6LGILCa> -- where he not only builds a replica of the Antikythera Mechanism <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRXI9KLImC4&list=PLZioPDnFPNsHnyxfygxA0to4RXv4_jDU2>, but also the tools which could have been used to build it. This includes case-hardening mild steel, hand-cutting your own files, making spade drill bits, making a bow-drill, making and using a simple precision lathe, and soft soldering techniques. These are a great source of information. I can also add some info on building different types of forges, but my preferred type is charcoal with a hand-crank blower.

I also grew up in a family of potters, and my own work used the sgraffito carving technique, although my mother painted. Since sgraffito is so time-consuming, I typically bothered to dig my own clay, and sometimes pit-fire them. There is a large group of potters in Mata Ortiz, Mexico, who have allowed their techniques to be videotaped. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtFTd8UIaDw for example. Depending on how much information you would like fleshed out, I could also add or comment on these techniques.

-----

Please add whatever you can. Create a page titled common tools or something. Make that the main page where you talk about what the main ideas are along with adding terms like bow-drill and stuff. You can then make those words be links to other pages that you can create.

-eixcosxsinxi

Energetics

2025-05-14T13:28:43Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added a uses section

Energetics

2025-05-14T13:27:57Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added better information about engines.

Electricity

2025-05-13T20:01:02Z

Eixcosxsinxi: /* Dependencies */

'''Electricity''' is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others.

The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, a force will act on it. If the charge moves, the electric field would be doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can speak of electric potential at a certain point in space, which is equal to the work done by an external agent in carrying a unit of positive charge from an arbitrarily chosen reference point to that point without any acceleration and is typically measured in volts.

Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment;
Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.

=== Theory and Uses ===
Electricity is a really fast way to transfer energy. [[Energetics]] can be used to generate electricity and because electricity travels really fast, it is so far the best way to transfer energy. Electric charge is caused by any atom that has a charge imbalance. This is caused through many means but will be discussed more in the [[Chemistry]] page. Once you have a charge imbalance, it will be attracted to the opposite type of charge. Positive will be attracted to negative and vice versa. You can harness this by creating or using a substance that has an easy path for this charge to flow through. These materials are called conductors, and the opposite of a conductor is called an insulator. Insulators have a really high resistance to flow of electric charge. Resistance is the term that is used to describe blocks in the electricity's path. Similar to water in a river, the more rocks and stuff are in the river, the more it has to bounce around and thus the slower the average current of the river is. The same is true for electricity. The thinner the conductor, or the less it is able to conduct, the higher the resistance becomes and the lower the current becomes. We can use this charge through a conductor to carry energy. The best conductor to expense ratio we have found is in a material called copper. That is the material you will see in wires all around you.

There are two methods of producing current.

== Dependencies ==

* [[Energy]]
* [[Energetics]]
* [[Fire]]
* [[Heat]]
* '''Electricity'''
* [[Generator]]

== See also ==
* [[Biomass]]

== References ==
{{wa|Electricity}}

[[Category:Physics]]

Energy

2025-05-13T19:54:24Z

Eixcosxsinxi: spelling fix

[[File:Latin small letter dotless J with high left serif.svg|thumb|100px|The letter J, used as a symbol for the joule, the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).]]

'''Energy''', in physics, is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity; the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form but not created or destroyed (s''ee [[Energetics]] for more on how this works''). The unit of measurement in the International System of Units of energy is the joule, which is the energy transferred to an object by the work of moving it a distance of one meter against a force of one newton.

Common forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a [[fuel]] burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature.

Living organisms require energy to stay alive, such as the energy humans get from food and oxygen. Human civilization requires energy to function, which it gets from energy resources such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, or renewable energy.

== Dependencies ==

* [[Electricity]]
* [[Generator]]
* '''Energy'''
* [[Energetics]]
* [[Fire]]
* [[Fuel]]
* [[Heat]]

== See also ==
* [[Friction]]

== References ==
{{wa|Energy}}

[[Category:Physics]]

Energy

2025-05-13T19:51:26Z

Eixcosxsinxi: Added link to energetics

[[File:Latin small letter dotless J with high left serif.svg|thumb|100px|The letter J, used as a symbol for the joule, the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).]]

'''Energy''', in physics, is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity; the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form but not created or destroyed (s''ee [[Energetics]] for more on how this works''). The unit of measurement in the International System of Units of energy is the joule, which is the energy transferred to an object by the work of moving it a distance of one metre against a force of one newton.

Common forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a [[fuel]] burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature.

Living organisms require energy to stay alive, such as the energy humans get from food and oxygen. Human civilization requires energy to function, which it gets from energy resources such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, or renewable energy.

== Dependencies ==

* [[Electricity]]
* [[Generator]]
* '''Energy'''
* [[Energetics]]
* [[Fire]]
* [[Fuel]]
* [[Heat]]

== See also ==
* [[Friction]]

== References ==
{{wa|Energy}}

[[Category:Physics]]

Energy

2025-05-13T19:49:43Z

Eixcosxsinxi: /* Dependencies */

[[File:Latin small letter dotless J with high left serif.svg|thumb|100px|The letter J, used as a symbol for the joule, the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).]]

'''Energy''', in physics, is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity; the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement in the International System of Units of energy is the joule, which is the energy transferred to an object by the work of moving it a distance of one metre against a force of one newton.

Common forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a [[fuel]] burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature.

Living organisms require energy to stay alive, such as the energy humans get from food and oxygen. Human civilization requires energy to function, which it gets from energy resources such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, or renewable energy.

== Dependencies ==

* [[Electricity]]
* [[Generator]]
* '''Energy'''
* [[Energetics]]
* [[Fire]]
* [[Fuel]]
* [[Heat]]

== See also ==
* [[Friction]]

== References ==
{{wa|Energy}}

[[Category:Physics]]

Electricity

2025-05-13T19:45:44Z

Eixcosxsinxi: Added more description about what electricity is and what it can be used for.

'''Electricity''' is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others.

The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, a force will act on it. If the charge moves, the electric field would be doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can speak of electric potential at a certain point in space, which is equal to the work done by an external agent in carrying a unit of positive charge from an arbitrarily chosen reference point to that point without any acceleration and is typically measured in volts.

Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment;
Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.

=== Theory and Uses ===
Electricity is a really fast way to transfer energy. [[Energetics]] can be used to generate electricity and because electricity travels really fast, it is so far the best way to transfer energy. Electric charge is caused by any atom that has a charge imbalance. This is caused through many means but will be discussed more in the [[Chemistry]] page. Once you have a charge imbalance, it will be attracted to the opposite type of charge. Positive will be attracted to negative and vice versa. You can harness this by creating or using a substance that has an easy path for this charge to flow through. These materials are called conductors, and the opposite of a conductor is called an insulator. Insulators have a really high resistance to flow of electric charge. Resistance is the term that is used to describe blocks in the electricity's path. Similar to water in a river, the more rocks and stuff are in the river, the more it has to bounce around and thus the slower the average current of the river is. The same is true for electricity. The thinner the conductor, or the less it is able to conduct, the higher the resistance becomes and the lower the current becomes. We can use this charge through a conductor to carry energy. The best conductor to expense ratio we have found is in a material called copper. That is the material you will see in wires all around you.

There are two methods of producing current.

== Dependencies ==

* [[Energy]]
* [[Fire]]
* [[Heat]]
** '''Electricity'''
** [[Generator]]

== See also ==
* [[Biomass]]

== References ==
{{wa|Electricity}}

[[Category:Physics]]

Wheel

2025-05-13T18:26:04Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

[[File:Wheel Iran.jpg|thumb|200px|The wheel, invented during the Bronze Age.]]
A '''wheel''' is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axle bearing. The wheel is one of the key components of the [[wheel and axle]] which is one of the six [[Simple Machines|simple machines]]. Wheels, in conjunction with axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. Wheels are also used for other purposes, such as a ship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel, and flywheel.

Common examples are found in transport applications. A wheel reduces [[friction]] by facilitating motion by rolling together with the use of axles. In order for wheels to rotate, a moment needs to be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by way of [[gravity]] or by the application of another external force or torque.

In laymans terms, if you stick a round component like a log under a load you are carrying, you can push it or pull it instead of carrying it thus making travel easier. If you want to make the process better, take two slices from a round log and put a hole in the center of both of them big enough to fit an axil loosely. The goal is to let the round disk be able to rotate around the axil somewhat freely. Then you can fashion an axil that will be attached to the cart and to both wheels. This allows you to push the cart or pull the cart without it leaving the ground. If you are able to domesticate animals, then you can even have the animals drag the cart for you. Horses were typically the animal of choice.
== Dependencies ==
* '''Wheel'''
** [[Wheel and axle]]
* [[Friction]]

==See also==
*[[Inclined Plane]]
*[[Lever]]
*[[Pulley]]
*[[Screw]]
*[[Wedge]]
*[[Simple Machines]]

== References ==
{{wa|Wheel}}

[[Category:Technology]]

Talk:Wheel

2025-05-13T18:15:55Z

Eixcosxsinxi: Created page with "Can we save the talk about moments and torque for a different page maybe under common lessons from physics? If the goal is to make civilization easy to build with this wiki, I don't think moments and inertia are very practical."

Can we save the talk about moments and torque for a different page maybe under common lessons from physics? If the goal is to make civilization easy to build with this wiki, I don't think moments and inertia are very practical.

Talk:Social Sciences and Philosophy

2025-05-13T18:12:50Z

Eixcosxsinxi: Created page with "Should we do the same thing that wikipedia does where every page will link back to this one after so many internal links? That would be funny if generations later, can find this same thing."

Should we do the same thing that wikipedia does where every page will link back to this one after so many internal links? That would be funny if generations later, can find this same thing.

Energetics

2025-05-13T18:10:29Z

Eixcosxsinxi: Added more discussion about kinetic and potential energy.

Energetics

2025-05-13T17:54:09Z

Eixcosxsinxi: /* Sources */

The scientific study of [[Energy]], primarily how to transfer move energy and change energy states.

* [[Sources]]
* Systems
* Transformations
* Storage

=== Sources ===
Energy comes in a lot of forms. The two main theoretical forms are potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (moving energy).

Perhaps one of the most useful sources is water. When you have flowing water, like a river or waterfall, you can use some of that kinetic energy to move other things.

The primary way to do this is by something called a water wheel. This can be constructed out of any material but usually it is made out of wood. A water wheel is a large wheel that has buckets attached so that the moving water source catches the buckets and turns the wheel. The resulting energy from the spinning wheel can be used to rotate a shaft which can transfer the moving energy anywhere you want. This rotating energy is usually used for massive turning operations. Some of these operations may include grinding grains into flour, turning a spit that has food on it so that the food gets cooked well all around, even turning large machines like textile machines.
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

Energetics

2025-05-13T17:52:02Z

Eixcosxsinxi: added self link

Energetics

2025-05-13T17:51:37Z

Eixcosxsinxi:

The scientific study of [[Energy]], primarily how to transfer move energy and change energy states.

* [[#Sources]]
* Systems
* Transformations
* Storage

=== Sources ===
Energy comes in a lot of forms. The two main theoretical forms are potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (moving energy).

Perhaps one of the most useful sources is water. When you have flowing water, like a river or waterfall, you can use some of that kinetic energy to move other things.

The primary way to do this is by something called a water wheel. This can be constructed out of any material but usually it is made out of wood. A water wheel is a large wheel that has buckets attached so that the moving water source catches the buckets and turns the wheel. The resulting energy from the spinning wheel can be used to rotate a shaft which can transfer the moving energy anywhere you want. This rotating energy is usually used for massive turning operations.
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

Energetics

2025-05-13T17:20:18Z

Eixcosxsinxi: Added basic structure to the energetics page and started writing about hydropower.

The scientific study of [[Energy]], primarily how to transfer move energy and change energy states.

* Sources
* Systems
* Transformations
* Storage

=== Sources ===
Energy comes in a lot of forms. The two main theoretical forms are potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (moving energy).

Perhaps one of the most useful sources is water. When you have flowing water, like a river or waterfall, you can use some of that kinetic energy to move other things.

The primary way to do this is by something called a water wheel. This can be constructed out of any material but usually it is made out of wood. A water wheel is a large wheel that has buckets attached so that the moving water source catches the buckets and turns the wheel. The resulting energy from the spinning wheel can be used to rotate a shaft which can transfer the moving energy anywhere you want. This rotating energy is usually used for massive turning operations.
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

Talk:Main Page

2025-05-13T16:57:21Z

Eixcosxsinxi: /* Dictionary */ new section

> wiki for rebuilding society

> hosted on the internet

hello everyone! dragon here. this seems like a nice concept so im throwing up a talk page.

wanted to suggest a few things. should we include how-to pages? since this is a civilization rebuilder wiki, it seems relevant, and i havent seen any. i dont want to get out of hand on the simpler pages by going in detail on how to make, say, a bone burnisher on the bone page.

== How-Tos? ==

Should we include how-to sections in their relevant pages, or have them as additional pages so that we can pull from unrelated pages and relate the topics?

-----
I think how-to instructions is an absolute necessity in at least some capacity.

-fixedsyslabs

-----

The "How-To" section on the pages would be interesting, and I think the entire wiki should have "chapters" or sections based on the level of development required by the civilization to develop a technology.

It would be even more appropriate to cover the basics/essentials in the early chapters (such as shelter, food, water, healthcare...) and the more advanced aspects (like: nuclear power, aircraft, and other key elements related to heavy industry) in the later chapters according to their prerequisites.
To support my point: you first need to know how to make fire to solve your immediate problems before harnessing hydropower to perform mechanical tasks, and then generating electricity, for example. Moreover electricity isn't a prerequisite for industry if you can directly use hydropower or steam. (I don't know if that's clear enough.)

If the person who will, perhaps tomorrow, have to rebuild civilization by hand must find the tools necessary for their progress alone in a jumble of information, the initial objective of this project may not be achieved.

Variolus

-----

Yes, really this is about the How-Tos. There are pages on materials, but they are to be ingredients for the various how-to guides. Ideally, even the material pages would include, or at least link to pages on how to acquire them.

-Jehan

-----

Perhaps the creation of a system that is based on the needs that must be met by the the reader. As once basic survival is acheived then quality of life should be a focus to a point, then as the QoL needs are met the focus again shifts to understanding the why for themselves so that the Wiki remains a tool and not a crutch?

-Mathematician

-----

I believe How-to's should be included in all relevant articles and formatted as sections titled "Materials used" and "Crafting instructions" as described in the wiki's manual of style (https://wikiciv.org/index.php/Wikiciv:Manual_of_style)

-Gelsoup

-----

Adding a little more in here, true knowledge, the crucial stuff for re-developing a civilization, isn't only made from theoretical information, like turning through a book, you need some sort of practical know-how. No matter how much you describe how to nail two planks together, a step-by-step would still be very useful, if not as useful.

I also think some sort of "dependency system" would be required, like 'You need to know basic sewing and tailoring to make your own clothes', there is no need for someone to try to re-create electronic computer systems if they don't even have a basic hold on crucial stuff like farming, or health care.

-Comp nerd

-----
Unfortunately, theoretical information is all we can really provide as a wiki. All the more reason to make information as clear, practical, and accessible as possible.

As for dependencies, prerequisites are handled in the "Materials used" section and technologies dependant on the subject are placed in the "Dependencies" section. e.g "Brick" would have "Clay" in its "Materials used" section and "Clay" would have "Brick" in its "Dependencies" section. This way anyone wanting to make a specific technology could follow a chain of links in "Materials used" sections and determine every antecedent technology and the order in which to pursue them. Furthermore they would have some idea of what to do with that technology from the "Dependencies" section.

I think this is the most streamlined way of doing things; There's not much one can do to "order" a wiki, so even attempting to put things chronologically would be in vain. This egts the best result with the least fluff

-Gelsoup

== Should we include self-descriptive language in our articles? ==

Should we include language like "we use XYZ for ABC in recent times" in our articles? I think it would be nice to, in case civilization does go down, at least give people in the future a little taste of what we used to do, like and admire, like "Smartphones are a very big part of most people's life", just to preserve a little of history, as well to give some personality and context to the article

-----

I don't think we should use self-descriptive language, it can becoming damaging to objectivity. survivors using this information might end up essentially cargo culting the old days, rather than using this knowledge to create something that works well for them in their situation.

that's just my opinion, though.

-Michael B.

-----

I believe that self-descriptive language would add unnecessary clutter to the wiki. Furthermore, it would be unlikely for this wiki to be the only surviving information from us, and this cultural context (self-descriptive language) could be gathered from other sources. If anything of this nature is added, it should be in a isolated section, titled cultural relevance or something similar.

-Osborn Garcia

== How are we doing in other languages besides English? ==

Hey, just wanted to check if translation of common pages was being done, and to thank those who have indeed started that process!

-Mathematician

I'd say the "main" languages (mandarin chinese, hindi, spanish, french, arab) would be very useful, plus any languages users would be keen to translate to of course :)

-Sargeras

-----

The way other wikis have done this is by making English the main wiki, then having automatic translations into other versions. Machine translation has gotten pretty good so this is a good option I think.

== Download whole wiki option ==

Could you please add option to download all articles in some searchable form, so people can have whole wiki in offline form on their devices? This wiki is supposed to help rebuild civ, so we should assume internet is not available in such case or it could be also used in remote/internet-free settings.

-----

== Put the articles in their respective columns ==

It would make it much better on the eyes if the main page had categories like the all metals being put into materials section and chemicals under chemistry

-Crackershot

== Use of media to guide our contents ==

With the aims and goals of this entire project, I think it might be a good idea to look into modern society building fiction for ideas on what to include.

Authors tend to have a creativity and worldbuilding perfectionism that help them think of societal fundamentals that we may miss. Especially in the early stages.

So it would probably be a good idea to use those works as a solid baseline, and yes I have Dr Stone in mind when I'm saying this.

== Dictionary ==

Would it be wise to add a dictionary sub-section so that people with different languages will have a common place to go to be able to communicate? I imagine if this wiki is necessary, the internet will probably be down and it will be difficult to translate languages without the internet.