Wikiciv - User contributions [en]

Math

2025-05-04T21:59:58Z

Dragoneisha: created page

Math, or mathematics, is the term used for the science of numbers.

== Mathematical symbols ==
There are some symbols that are utilized in mathematics that are not found elsewhere, such as:

* = : The equals sign. This symbol means that the values of the numbers on both sides of it are the same.
* + : The plus sign. This means that the values of the numbers on either sides are going to be combined.
* - : The minus sign. This means that the value of one number is going to be removed from the other.
* % : The percent sign. This dictates that the number preceding it is a percentage of something out of 100.
* * or x : The multiplication or "times" sign. This means that the values of the numbers on either sides of it are going to be multiplied together, making a larger value.
* / : The division sign. This means that the value of the numbers are going to be reduced by how many times one number can be put into the other.

== Basic math ==

=== Addition ===
Addition is the act of adding one number to another. One and one is two, or 1+1=2.

=== Subtraction ===
Subtraction is the act of removing value from a number. Five taken away from six is one, or 6-5=1.

=== Multiplication ===
Multiplication is the act of multiplying one number's value by another, or increasing the value by that many times. Five multiplied by two is ten, or 5*2=10. This is often said as "times", or "five times two", as in "if you take five two times, you have ten".

=== Division ===
Division is the act of dividing a number's value by another, or reducing the value to how many times that value can go into it. Ten divided by two is five, or 10/2+5.

== Complex math ==
Functions. Graphs. Parabola.

Parabolic Oven

2025-05-04T21:48:41Z

Dragoneisha: created page

A parabolic oven, parabolic cooker, or parabolic trough is a section of reflected material curled into a parabolic shape, used to cook or heat an item placed at the focal point. The heating comes from concentrated light and heat, usually from the sun.

=== Explanation ===
A parabolic cooker is shaped very specifically like a parabola. This focuses all bouncing light and heat into a single point, which can be used to melt, heat, or cook items placed at that focal point.

=== Uses ===
It is mostly used at this time to burn things in science classes.

=== Dependencies ===
Oven

Metal

Math

* Parabola
* Function
* Focal point

Talk:Main Page

2025-05-04T21:38:07Z

Dragoneisha: /* How-Tos? */ new section

hello everyone! dragon here. this seems like a nice concept so im throwing up a talk page.

wanted to suggest a few things. should we include how-to pages? since this is a civilization rebuilder wiki, it seems relevant, and i havent seen any. i dont want to get out of hand on the simpler pages by going in detail on how to make, say, a bone burnisher on the bone page.

== How-Tos? ==

Should we include how-to sections in their relevant pages, or have them as additional pages so that we can pull from unrelated pages and relate the topics?

Talk:Main Page

2025-05-04T21:36:44Z

Dragoneisha: started it :)

Wood

2025-05-04T21:29:50Z

Dragoneisha: /* Containers */ added basket info

[[File:Logs in Yyteri.JPG|thumb|300px|Logs of wood in Yyteri, Finland]]

[[wikipedia:Wood|'''Wood''']] is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic material – a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Green wood is wood that has been so recently taken from a plant that it still has some of its natural moisture (usually in the form of sap). Dry wood is wood from which the natural moisture has evaporated over time.

== Uses ==

=== Fuel ===
Wood can use used as a [[fuel]] in [[fire]]. Dry wood is better than green wood for fires. Green wood, when burned, makes more smoke. Before the exploration of gas, fuel was the main source we can also define as only one source of [[energy]] that people used by burning as woods were available in the forest easily. Generally, sticks, pellets, sawdust, and charcoal are used as an energy source from wood. Typically, woods from cheap plants are used in this sector.

=== Building construction ===
{{see also|Shelter}}
[[File:Koszarawa wooden house 2009.jpg|thumb|235x235px|Wooden house, located in Poland]]
During the early ages of human civilization, use of wood in domestic construction was a common scene and this is still followed in this twenty-first century. In different parts of the world in the making of houses, wood is used commonly like the flooring, frames of doors and windows for its strength and internment quality.

The combustibility of wood, meant that, little by little, its use as a building material was relegated in favor of adobe, baked clay bricks and, in larger constructions, stone and marble, the materials most appreciated for their solidity.

=== Tools and weapons ===
:''See also:'' [[Bow and arrow]], [[Knife]] and [[Spear]]
Wood has always been used extensively for different tools, from household items such as furniture, chairs and shelves, to transportation tools such as the [[wheel]] and carts.

Wood also was key in the development of armament material, from [[bow and arrow]] armaments, through siege materials, to the use of wood as a weapon material like [[Spear|spears]] and javelins.

In agriculture, the technology of plowing, first by humans and then by animals, consisted for numerous centuries of wooden materials.

=== Containers ===
Wood can be used in making [[Basket|baskets]], often by weaving thin slats of wood into a bowl or squarish shape with an additional handle. Green wood is often a preferred material for baskets than dry wood due to its malleability.

Bowls are often carved out of single slabs of wood.

Wood can also be used in making barrels. Planks can be shaped into a bowed cylinder, usually best for containing liquids or semisolids, and then banded around its middle in two to five places.

== Dependencies ==
* [[Fuel]]
* '''Wood'''
** [[Axe]]
** [[Biomass]]
** [[Bow and arrow]]
** [[Charcoal]]
** [[Club]]
** [[Knife]]
** [[Matches]]
** [[Paper]]
** [[Spear]]
== See also ==
* [[Cotton]]
* [[Hemp]]
* [[Grasses]]
* [[Pine]]
* [[Rubber]]
* [[Stick]]
* [[Raw material]]

== References ==
{{wa|Wood}}

[[Category:Building materials]]
[[Category:Fuel]]
[[Category:Plant-derived raw materials]]

Wood

2025-05-04T21:28:34Z

Dragoneisha: /* Containers */ added bowls and barrels

[[File:Logs in Yyteri.JPG|thumb|300px|Logs of wood in Yyteri, Finland]]

[[wikipedia:Wood|'''Wood''']] is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic material – a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Green wood is wood that has been so recently taken from a plant that it still has some of its natural moisture (usually in the form of sap). Dry wood is wood from which the natural moisture has evaporated over time.

== Uses ==

=== Fuel ===
Wood can use used as a [[fuel]] in [[fire]]. Dry wood is better than green wood for fires. Green wood, when burned, makes more smoke. Before the exploration of gas, fuel was the main source we can also define as only one source of [[energy]] that people used by burning as woods were available in the forest easily. Generally, sticks, pellets, sawdust, and charcoal are used as an energy source from wood. Typically, woods from cheap plants are used in this sector.

=== Building construction ===
{{see also|Shelter}}
[[File:Koszarawa wooden house 2009.jpg|thumb|235x235px|Wooden house, located in Poland]]
During the early ages of human civilization, use of wood in domestic construction was a common scene and this is still followed in this twenty-first century. In different parts of the world in the making of houses, wood is used commonly like the flooring, frames of doors and windows for its strength and internment quality.

The combustibility of wood, meant that, little by little, its use as a building material was relegated in favor of adobe, baked clay bricks and, in larger constructions, stone and marble, the materials most appreciated for their solidity.

=== Tools and weapons ===
:''See also:'' [[Bow and arrow]], [[Knife]] and [[Spear]]
Wood has always been used extensively for different tools, from household items such as furniture, chairs and shelves, to transportation tools such as the [[wheel]] and carts.

Wood also was key in the development of armament material, from [[bow and arrow]] armaments, through siege materials, to the use of wood as a weapon material like [[Spear|spears]] and javelins.

In agriculture, the technology of plowing, first by humans and then by animals, consisted for numerous centuries of wooden materials.

=== Containers ===
Wood can be used in making [[Basket|baskets]]. Green wood is often a better material for baskets than dry wood is.

Bowls are often carved out of single slabs of wood.

Wood can also be used in making barrels. Planks can be shaped into a bowed cylinder, usually best for containing liquids or semisolids, and then banded around its middle in two to five places.

== Dependencies ==
* [[Fuel]]
* '''Wood'''
** [[Axe]]
** [[Biomass]]
** [[Bow and arrow]]
** [[Charcoal]]
** [[Club]]
** [[Knife]]
** [[Matches]]
** [[Paper]]
** [[Spear]]
== See also ==
* [[Cotton]]
* [[Hemp]]
* [[Grasses]]
* [[Pine]]
* [[Rubber]]
* [[Stick]]
* [[Raw material]]

== References ==
{{wa|Wood}}

[[Category:Building materials]]
[[Category:Fuel]]
[[Category:Plant-derived raw materials]]

Clay

2025-05-04T21:25:42Z

Dragoneisha: added -

[[File:Clay-ss-2005.jpg|thumb|250px|Quaternary clay in Estonia]]

'''[[wikipedia:Clay | Clay]]''' is a type of fine-grained natural soil material. Clay is able to be worked into a desired shape when wet, and becomes hard and brittle when dried or fired, retaining its previous shape.

== Uses ==

=== Ceramics ===

Clay can be shaped when wet and then fired to create clay [[Ceramic |ceramics]], including [[Brick |bricks]] which can be used for construction, and [[pottery]] which includes clay vessels, dishware, pipes, and other wares.

=== Construction ===

In addition to clay bricks, clay can be used directly in buildings, such as in the daub used in wattle and daub construction, or in the walls of a [[Bloomery Furnace]].

=== Projectiles ===
:''See also:'' [[Sling]] and [[Slingshot]]
Clay is an option as [[projectile]]s for ranged [[weapons]], including the [[sling]] and the [[slingshot]].<ref name="PT">"[https://primitivetechnology.wordpress.com/2015/11/27/sling/ Sling]", primitivetechnology.wordpress.com. 27 November 2015. Retrieved on 27 April 2022.</ref>

=== Writing ===

Clay tablets are the earliest known medium for writing, used in Sumeria and Greece as early as 3000 BCE. Symbols can be inscribed into wet clay using a stylus, and the clay can either be remolded to record a new set of symbols or fired to make the record more permanent.

== Natural sources ==

Clay can be gathered from riverbanks and dry riverbeds or lakebeds in almost any part of the world. Wet clay is slippery even if it is unprocessed, unlike other kinds of soil or sand. A sample of clay can be tested by wetting it to a workable consistency and seeing if it breaks when rolled out or coiled into shape. A good sample of clay will be easy to work and resistant to breaking.

===Processing===

Before using clay, impurities such as stones and plant matter should be removed. This can be done by picking the impurities out while the clay is dry, by sifting the clay through a sieve, or by filtering clay particles suspended in [[water]] by passing them through a cloth. If clay is intended to be used for ceramics, it can be tempered with sand or with ground up bits of broken previously fired ceramics. This will improve the chance that the clay fires successfully.

== Dependencies ==

* '''Clay'''
** [[Brick]]
** [[Ceramic]]
** [[Sling]]
** [[Slingshot]]

== See also ==
* [[Brick]]
* [[Mud]]
* [[Sand]]
* [[Soils]]

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek3aeUhHaFY Fired Clay Bricks] - Primitive Technology, 26 April 2019, YouTube
{{wa|Clay}}

[[Category:Soils]]

Burnisher

2025-05-04T21:23:54Z

Dragoneisha: added uses dependencies history

A burnisher is a leatherworking tool, usually made of bone, used to waterproof the leather material.<ref>https://www.mpg.de/7494657/neandertals_leather_tools</ref> Burnishers are necessary for burnishing and are an important step in tanning and the creation of leather items.

=== History ===
Burnishers have been in use for over 50,000 years, originally made of bone. Wood, metal, and other materials have been used, but the porous nature of bone and its tendency to smooth further when exposed to friction make the burnisher one of the few tools still made of bone in the modern day.

=== Uses ===
A burnisher burnishes leather. It is a waterproofing process that makes leather more supple and sturdy, part of tanning.

=== Dependencies ===
Bone

Leather

* Leatherworking
* Tanning

Bone

2025-05-04T21:18:23Z

Dragoneisha: added burnisher reference, which is very relevant for bone tools. should have bone tools page? tools page?

[[File:Os Tarté MHNT PRE.2009.0.248.2 Noir.jpg|thumb|250px|Bone awl]]
A '''bone''' is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They are lightweight, strong and hard, and serve multiple functions. At times, they have been used for making bone tools, which largely went out of fashion with the advent of industrialization.

== Uses ==
:''See also:'' [[Bow and arrow]], [[Knife|Knife,]] Burnisher<ref>[[Burnisher]]</ref>, and [[Spear]]
Bone can be used as a crafting material for [[Knife|knives]], as well as for a [[spear]]'s head and [[Bow and arrow|arrowheads]].<ref name="WH">"[https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Bow-and-Arrow How to Make a Bow and Arrow]", Wikihow, Retrieved on 11 April 2022</ref>

Bone is the best material available for burnishing leather, and bone burnishers and leatherworking tools have been in use for more than 50,000 years.<ref>https://www.mpg.de/7494657/neandertals_leather_tools</ref>

== Dependencies ==

* [[Calcium]]
** '''Bone'''
*** [[Bow and arrow]]
*** [[Knife]]
*** [[Spear]]

== See also ==
* [[Calcium]]
* [[Raw material]]
* [[Wood]]

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* [[wikipedia:Bone tool|Bone tool]], Wikipedia
{{wa|Bone}}

[[Category:Animal-derived raw materials]]

Burnisher

2025-05-04T21:15:42Z

Dragoneisha: added page.

Clothing

2025-05-04T21:00:13Z

Dragoneisha: baseline of page. added page. much needs to be added here

Clothing, or "clothes", is a set of materials, usually cloth, used to cover one's body.

== History ==
Clothing was worn by most humans. At its inception, clothing was used to protect from the elements, as human skin was soft and less furry or armored than their animal counterparts. Clothing was originally made out of fur, skins, pelts, and plant matter used as basic coverage, but was refined over a long period of time to be created out of farmed wool and eventually synthetic plastic sources. The history of clothing and the history of progress are inextricable from each other.

=== Clothes through time ===

==== Early humanity ====
Archaeology has discovered clothed specimens of humans (Homo sapiens) from as early as [TIME].

==== Development of wool ====
Animal husbandry and the domestication of animals like llamas, rams, and sheep led to a replenishing source of fabric through weaving shorn wool. This work, often relegated to women, led to much more easily accessible forms of fabric.

==== Sewing ====
The development of sewing came around in [TIME].

==== Europe ====
Pants because cold.

==== Indigenous Americas ====
Hides, beadwork, fashion.

==== China ====
Long history, many layers. Silk. Silk.

==== Egypt ====
We know abour egypt because papyrus. long history. Silk Road. Cloth as cultural importance.

==== Development of cotton ====
Cotton was utilized for clothing as a wool-like, plant-based fabric, coming from the cotton plant. The picking of cotton was difficult due to the thorny and low-yield nature of the cotton plant, and it was difficult to weave without large amounts of processing work.

The cotton gin, developed by Eli Whitney, made cotton more accessible to industrial populations.

==== Synthetic clothing ====

== Fashion ==
Clothing was often used as a status symbol or a format of self-expression. As nudity was largely intolerable in many societies, clothing was often mandatory even after the development of temperature control.

Soil

2025-05-04T20:41:34Z

Dragoneisha: filled out the page somewhat.

Dirt is a colloquial term, often used synonymously with ground, earth, and soil. It is the stuff that makes up the ground outside in most places. It comes in colors like brown, red, beige, and black. Dirt is understood to be a mix of sand, silt, and clay, which are names for the textures of dirt -- sand being the largest, then silt, then clay, which is the most dense and difficult for water to drain through. <ref name=":0">https://extension.umaine.edu/gardening/manual/soils/soil-and-plant-nutrition/</ref>
[[File:SoilTexture USDA.svg|alt=A triangle with labels at each side reading "clay separate %", "sand separate %", and "silt separate %". Each side is labeled 1-100.|thumb|The soil texture triangle, as used by the USDA.]]

'''Colors and Discerning Dirt'''

In some cultures, black dirt is seen as the most fertile. Red dirt often has a high clay content, while beige or yellow dirt often includes higher levels of sand. Dirt sold in stores can sometimes include small white orbs, which are usually white clover seeds, fertilizer, or other nitration-fixing materials, due to the need of nitrogen for growing plants.

'''Growing in Dirt'''

When talking about dirt, most are referring to topsoil, which is a mix of earth, tiny organisms, and necessary nutrients and elements for growing plants. Dirt needs to include water, anchorage, oxygen, and nutrients, like phosphorus, nitrogen, and other substances. <ref name=":0" />