Wikiciv - User contributions [en]

Petroleum

2025-05-07T19:25:12Z

DocOck: Added Link

[[File:Pouring Petroleum.jpg|thumb|250px|Pouring petroleum]]

'''Petroleum''', also known as '''crude oil''' and '''oil''', is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations. It is commonly refined into various [[fuel]]s and chemicals. Components of petroleum are separated by means of [[distillation]]. Petroleum mainly consists of [[Hydrocarbon|hydrocarbons]] as well as traces of other organic compounds. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, mostly zooplankton and [[algae]], are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both prolonged heat and pressure.

== Dependencies ==
* [[Hydrocarbon|Hydrocarbons]]
** '''Petroleum'''

== See also ==
* [[Fire]]
* [[Nylon]]
* [[Oil]]
* [[Raw material]]
* [[Coke(Fuel)]]

== References ==
{{wa|Petroleum}}

[[Category:Hydrocarbons]]
[[Category:Stubs]]

Furnace

2025-05-07T19:22:10Z

DocOck: Fixes and links

A furnace is a appliance that generates heat, usually from combustible material.

The controlled enviornment allows for greater efficiency and control over the reaction.

== Uses ==
Depending on the design, furnaces serve a multitude of functions and form the basis of a wide variety processes.

The most common and important furnaces are used for food preparation and [[curing]].

=== Food ===
By [[cooking]] food, it can be more digestible for humans.

The resulting [[Smoking|smoke]] from the fire can be used to cure food more effectively for long term storage.

Boiling can [[Sterilization|sterilize]] water.

=== Materials ===

==== Curing ====
Firing [[clay]] allows the vessel to become permanently set.

This process applies to all [[pottery]], roof shingles, bricks, and earthware.

Most drying processes can be accelerated with heat as the water evaporates faster<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desorption</ref>.

== Fuels ==

=== Great availabilty ===
Any dry plant matter will work to some degree.

Easily accesible sources of high yield fuels are wood and [[charcoal]].

Both can be farmed on industrial scales or manufactured in small batches.

=== Good availabilty ===
[[Alcohol]] is a good source of liqid fuels that offer some advantes over solid fuels but also carries additonal risk.

Reliable combustion can be achieved with 50% to 60% alcohol content. To achieve this concentration, the alcohol needs to be [[Distillation|distilled]].

=== Situatoinal availabilty ===
[[Turf]] and dried lifestock dung can be burned. The smoke will be more irritating and harmful than other fuel soruces.

Nonetheless it serves as a vable alternative.

Natural Gas may be harvested in a [[bioreactor]] or sometimes found in nature.

=== Electricity ===
Heating elements made from resistive materials can be used to convert [[electricity]] into heat on demand in finely controlled quantities.

For [[steel]] production, plasma arcs are leveraged. Only the melting point of the electrodes limits the effective temperature of the furnace.

Alternatively, inductive heating can be used to effectively heat electrically condructive materials.

== Construction ==
[[File:Chimney effect.svg|thumb|400x400px|Pressure and airflow trough a chimney]]
The basis of any common furnace type forms the chimney effect.

Heat rises out of the chimney, any vaguely tubular structure will do, and pulls in fresh air from the bottom inlet.

The fresh, cold air provides more oxygen and stokes the fire. This effect can be enhanced with [[forced convection]] to reach the necessary temperatures for [[smelting]] and [[Forge|forging]] metal.

By constriciting the air inlet, the rate of combustion can be adjusted.

Furnace

2025-05-07T19:14:57Z

DocOck: /* Construction */

A furnace is a appliance that generates heat, usually from combustible material.

The controlled enviornment allows for greater efficiency and control over the reaction.

== Uses ==
Depending on the design, furnaces serve a multitude of functions and form the basis of a wide variety processes.

The most common and important furnaces are used for food preparation and [[curing]].

=== Food ===
By [[cooking]] food, it can be more digestible for humans.

The resulting smoke from the fire can be used to cure food more effectively for long term storage.

Boiling can [[Sterilization|sterilize]] water.

=== Materials ===

==== Curing ====
Firing [[clay]] allows the vessel to become permanently set.

This process applies to roof shingles, bricks, and earthware.

Most drying processes can be accelerated with heat as the water evaporates faster<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desorption</ref>.

== Fuels ==

=== Great availabilty ===
Any dry pant matter will work to some dregree.

Easily accesible sources of high yield fuels are wood and [[charcoal]].

Borth can be farmed on industrial scales or manufactured in small batches.

=== Good availabilty ===
[[Alcohol]] is a good source of liqid fuels that offer some advantes over solid fuels but also carries additonal risk.

Reliable combustion can be achieved with 50% to 60% alcohol content. To achieve this concentration, the alcohol needs to be [[Distillation|distilled]].

=== Situatoinal availabilty ===
[[Turf]] and dried lifestock dung can be burned. The smoke will be more irritating and harmful than other fuel soruces.

Nonetheless it serves as a vable alternative.

Natural Gas may be harvested in a [[bioreactor]] or sometimes found in nature.

=== Electricity ===
Heating elements made from resistive materials can be used to convert electricit into heat on demand in finely controlled quantities.

For [[steel]] production, plasma arcs are leveraged. Only the melting point of the electrodes limits the effective temperature of the furnace.

Alternatively, inductive heating can be used to effectively heat electrically condructive materials.

== Construction ==
[[File:Chimney effect.svg|thumb|400x400px|Pressure and airflow trough a chimney]]
The basis of any common furnace type forms the chimney effect.

Heat rises out of the chimney, any vaguely tubular structure will do, and pulls in fresh air from the bottom inlet.

The fresh, cold air provides more oxygen and stokes the fire.

By constriciting the air inlet, the rate of combustion can be ajusted.

Furnace

2025-05-07T19:12:16Z

DocOck: /* Construction */ Spelling

A furnace is a appliance that generates heat, usually from combustible material.

The controlled enviornment allows for greater efficiency and control over the reaction.

== Uses ==
Depending on the design, furnaces serve a multitude of functions and form the basis of a wide variety processes.

The most common and important furnaces are used for food preparation and [[curing]].

=== Food ===
By [[cooking]] food, it can be more digestible for humans.

The resulting smoke from the fire can be used to cure food more effectively for long term storage.

Boiling can [[Sterilization|sterilize]] water.

=== Materials ===

==== Curing ====
Firing [[clay]] allows the vessel to become permanently set.

This process applies to roof shingles, bricks, and earthware.

Most drying processes can be accelerated with heat as the water evaporates faster<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desorption</ref>.

== Fuels ==

=== Great availabilty ===
Any dry pant matter will work to some dregree.

Easily accesible sources of high yield fuels are wood and [[charcoal]].

Borth can be farmed on industrial scales or manufactured in small batches.

=== Good availabilty ===
[[Alcohol]] is a good source of liqid fuels that offer some advantes over solid fuels but also carries additonal risk.

Reliable combustion can be achieved with 50% to 60% alcohol content. To achieve this concentration, the alcohol needs to be [[Distillation|distilled]].

=== Situatoinal availabilty ===
[[Turf]] and dried lifestock dung can be burned. The smoke will be more irritating and harmful than other fuel soruces.

Nonetheless it serves as a vable alternative.

Natural Gas may be harvested in a [[bioreactor]] or sometimes found in nature.

=== Electricity ===
Heating elements made from resistive materials can be used to convert electricit into heat on demand in finely controlled quantities.

For [[steel]] production, plasma arcs are leveraged. Only the melting point of the electrodes limits the effective temperature of the furnace.

Alternatively, inductive heating can be used to effectively heat electrically condructive materials.

== Construction ==
[[File:Chimney effect.svg|thumb|400x400px|Pressure and airflow trough a chimney]]
The basis of any common furnace type forms the chimney effect.

Heat rises out of the chimney, any vaguely tubular structure will do, and pulls in fresh air from the bottom inlet.

The fresh, cold air provides more oxygen and stokes the fire.

By constrciting the air inlet, the rate of combustion can be ajusted.

Furnace

2025-05-07T19:11:28Z

DocOck: First draft for complete article

A furnace is a appliance that generates heat, usually from combustible material.

The controlled enviornment allows for greater efficiency and control over the reaction.

== Uses ==
Depending on the design, furnaces serve a multitude of functions and form the basis of a wide variety processes.

The most common and important furnaces are used for food preparation and [[curing]].

=== Food ===
By [[cooking]] food, it can be more digestible for humans.

The resulting smoke from the fire can be used to cure food more effectively for long term storage.

Boiling can [[Sterilization|sterilize]] water.

=== Materials ===

==== Curing ====
Firing [[clay]] allows the vessel to become permanently set.

This process applies to roof shingles, bricks, and earthware.

Most drying processes can be accelerated with heat as the water evaporates faster<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desorption</ref>.

== Fuels ==

=== Great availabilty ===
Any dry pant matter will work to some dregree.

Easily accesible sources of high yield fuels are wood and [[charcoal]].

Borth can be farmed on industrial scales or manufactured in small batches.

=== Good availabilty ===
[[Alcohol]] is a good source of liqid fuels that offer some advantes over solid fuels but also carries additonal risk.

Reliable combustion can be achieved with 50% to 60% alcohol content. To achieve this concentration, the alcohol needs to be [[Distillation|distilled]].

=== Situatoinal availabilty ===
[[Turf]] and dried lifestock dung can be burned. The smoke will be more irritating and harmful than other fuel soruces.

Nonetheless it serves as a vable alternative.

Natural Gas may be harvested in a [[bioreactor]] or sometimes found in nature.

=== Electricity ===
Heating elements made from resistive materials can be used to convert electricit into heat on demand in finely controlled quantities.

For [[steel]] production, plasma arcs are leveraged. Only the melting point of the electrodes limits the effective temperature of the furnace.

Alternatively, inductive heating can be used to effectively heat electrically condructive materials.

== Construction ==
[[File:Chimney effect.svg|thumb|400x400px|Pressure and airflow trough a chimney]]
The basis of any common furnace type forms the chimney effect.

Heat rises out of the chimney, any vaguely tubular structure will do, and pulls in fresh air from the bottom inlet.

The fresh, cold air provides more oxygen and stokes the fire.

By constriting the air inlet size, the rate of combustion can be ajusted.