Wikiciv - User contributions [en]

User:Bloeckchengrafik/Draft:Pressure measurement

2025-05-10T10:38:28Z

Bloeckchengrafik:

'''Pressure measurement''' is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per unit of surface area. Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure and display pressure mechanically are called '''pressure gauges,''' '''vacuum gauges''' or '''compound gauges''' (vacuum & pressure).

== Units of measurement ==
While other units exist, the unit '''Pascal''' (Pa) is the preferred unit by the [[International System of Units]]. It is equivalent to one [[newton]] of force applied over an area of one square [[meter]]. {{wa|Pressure_measurement}}

User:Bloeckchengrafik/Draft:Pressure measurement

2025-05-10T10:11:27Z

Bloeckchengrafik: add simple description

User:Bloeckchengrafik/Draft:Pressure measurement

2025-05-10T10:03:19Z

Bloeckchengrafik: Created page with "{{wa|Pressure_measurement}}"

User:Bloeckchengrafik/Draft:Barometer

2025-05-10T10:01:49Z

Bloeckchengrafik:

User:Bloeckchengrafik/Draft:Barometer

2025-05-10T09:59:27Z

Bloeckchengrafik: create blank page

User:Bloeckchengrafik

2025-05-09T13:16:23Z

Bloeckchengrafik: Created page with "Hi, I'm Chris and I like helping. This is the first wiki I contribute to, so don't expect that everything is perfect :)"

Hi, I'm Chris and I like helping. This is the first wiki I contribute to, so don't expect that everything is perfect :)

Wikiciv:Volunteers

2025-05-09T13:14:54Z

Bloeckchengrafik:

The following is a list of volunteers in Wikiciv. If you wish to contribute to the project, add your name by writing <nowiki>* --~~~~</nowiki> below!

* [[User:Jehan]]
* [[User:Signore Galilei]]
* [[User:Uri]]
* [[User:Oscar]]
* [[User:PolarTwin]]
* [[User:CTabarrok]]
* [[User:CASSIE]]
* [[User:Noonynoonynoo]]
* [[User:Shrimpsooup]]
* [[User:Mikaele1100]]
* [[User:Mathematician|Mathematician]] ([[User talk:Mathematician|talk]]) 04:17, 6 May 2025 (UTC)
* [[User:Lunimaine]]
* [[User:CatMeowsBack|CatMeowsBack]] ([[User talk:CatMeowsBack|talk]]) 05:24, 7 May 2025 (UTC)
* [[User:Gelsoup|Gelsoup]] ([[User talk:Gelsoup|talk]]) 20:36, 7 May 2025 (UTC)
* [[User:Figgity]]
* [[User:Ixywas|Ixywas]] ([[User talk:Ixywas|talk]]) 17:38, 8 May 2025 (UTC)
* [[User:LordOfThisWorld]]
* [[User:Mal]]
* [[User:Bloeckchengrafik|Bloeckchengrafik]] ([[User talk:Bloeckchengrafik|talk]]) 13:14, 9 May 2025 (UTC)
== See also ==
* [[Wikiciv:Milestones]]
* [[Wikiciv:Resources]]

[[Category:Wikiciv administration]]

Ethanol

2025-05-08T23:21:44Z

Bloeckchengrafik: ...the more the better...

[[File:Ethanol-2D-flat.svg|thumb|250px|Chemical structure of ethanol]]

'''Ethanol''' is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic [[wine]]-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is naturally produced by the [[fermentation]] process of [[Sugar|sugars]] by [[Yeast|yeasts]] or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some [[Medicine|medications]], and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock.

== Crafting instructions ==

The simplest way to get ethanol is by fermentation:
* Take some watertight, closable vessel and fill it with a mixture of sugar and water. For sugar, you can use ripe fruits, honey or other natural [[Sugar|sugars]] like processed sugar cane or sugar beets.
* Add yeasts or yeast-rich substances (like unwashed fruit or vegetables), the more the better
* Close up the vessel while making sure air using something like an airlock can escape since the metabolism of yeast produces gases like CO<sub>2</sub>. You can also ferment in an open container, just make sure it stays clean
* Wait for a few weeks

By now, you should have a weak solution of ethanol, [[Methanol|methanol]] and other fermentation byproducts. How much of methanol you get will depend on the levels of pectin in your source mix. To get to concentrations useful outside of intoxication, a [[Distillation|distillation]] step is required. Be aware that simply distilling this solution will also concentrate the methanol. To separate it, take note of your distillation temperature and swap your target vessel at around 78°C. Around this temperature, distillation shoud also slow down and the temperature should be raising quite fast. Keep the temperature below 90°C to avoid large amounts of water in your distillation product.

You can quickly detect high levels of methanol by lighting a bit of your product on fire: While Ethanol should burn blue, Methanol will burn yellow. For a more precise test, mix a [[Sodium Dichromate|sodium dicromate]] solution into your product. If it smells pungent and irritating, methanol is present. <ref name="www.sciencing.com">https://www.sciencing.com/test-alcohol-methanol-8714279/</ref>

To get to disinfectant, the wash should be distilled to a purity of around 70% by volume. This is because Ethanol depends on water molecules for its antimicrobial properties. Distilling to a certain concentration without meters is difficult, but to approximately get to 70% ABV, you can try igniting a bit of your product. It should burn with a steady, blue flame. You should not have difficulties lighting it, but it also shouldn't burn quickly in a flash. For more exact measurements, use a [[Hydrometer]].

== Dependencies ==

* [[Carbon]]
* [[Hydrogen]]
* [[Oxygen]]
** '''Ethanol'''

== See also ==
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Ammonia]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Carbon dioxide]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Methane]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nitroglycerin]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sulfuric acid]]
* [[Water]]
* [[Chemical compounds]]
</div>

== References ==
{{wa|Ethanol}}

[[Category:Organic compounds]]

Ethanol

2025-05-08T23:19:36Z

Bloeckchengrafik: open-container fermentation

[[File:Ethanol-2D-flat.svg|thumb|250px|Chemical structure of ethanol]]

'''Ethanol''' is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic [[wine]]-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is naturally produced by the [[fermentation]] process of [[Sugar|sugars]] by [[Yeast|yeasts]] or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some [[Medicine|medications]], and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock.

== Crafting instructions ==

The simplest way to get ethanol is by fermentation:
* Take some watertight, closable vessel and fill it with a mixture of sugar and water. For sugar, you can use ripe fruits, honey or other natural [[Sugar|sugars]] like processed sugar cane or sugar beets.
* Add yeasts or yeast-rich substances (like unwashed fruit or vegetables)
* Close up the vessel while making sure air using something like an airlock can escape since the metabolism of yeast produces gases like CO<sub>2</sub>. You can also ferment in an open container, just make sure it stays clean
* Wait for a few weeks

By now, you should have a weak solution of ethanol, [[Methanol|methanol]] and other fermentation byproducts. How much of methanol you get will depend on the levels of pectin in your source mix. To get to concentrations useful outside of intoxication, a [[Distillation|distillation]] step is required. Be aware that simply distilling this solution will also concentrate the methanol. To separate it, take note of your distillation temperature and swap your target vessel at around 78°C. Around this temperature, distillation shoud also slow down and the temperature should be raising quite fast. Keep the temperature below 90°C to avoid large amounts of water in your distillation product.

You can quickly detect high levels of methanol by lighting a bit of your product on fire: While Ethanol should burn blue, Methanol will burn yellow. For a more precise test, mix a [[Sodium Dichromate|sodium dicromate]] solution into your product. If it smells pungent and irritating, methanol is present. <ref name="www.sciencing.com">https://www.sciencing.com/test-alcohol-methanol-8714279/</ref>

To get to disinfectant, the wash should be distilled to a purity of around 70% by volume. This is because Ethanol depends on water molecules for its antimicrobial properties. Distilling to a certain concentration without meters is difficult, but to approximately get to 70% ABV, you can try igniting a bit of your product. It should burn with a steady, blue flame. You should not have difficulties lighting it, but it also shouldn't burn quickly in a flash. For more exact measurements, use a [[Hydrometer]].

== Dependencies ==

* [[Carbon]]
* [[Hydrogen]]
* [[Oxygen]]
** '''Ethanol'''

== See also ==
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Ammonia]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Carbon dioxide]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Methane]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nitroglycerin]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sulfuric acid]]
* [[Water]]
* [[Chemical compounds]]
</div>

== References ==
{{wa|Ethanol}}

[[Category:Organic compounds]]

Ethanol

2025-05-08T23:18:28Z

Bloeckchengrafik: add airlock reference

[[File:Ethanol-2D-flat.svg|thumb|250px|Chemical structure of ethanol]]

'''Ethanol''' is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic [[wine]]-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is naturally produced by the [[fermentation]] process of [[Sugar|sugars]] by [[Yeast|yeasts]] or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some [[Medicine|medications]], and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock.

== Crafting instructions ==

The simplest way to get ethanol is by fermentation:
* Take some watertight, closable vessel and fill it with a mixture of sugar and water. For sugar, you can use ripe fruits, honey or other natural [[Sugar|sugars]] like processed sugar cane or sugar beets.
* Add yeasts or yeast-rich substances (like unwashed fruit or vegetables)
* Close up the vessel while making sure air using something like an airlock can escape since the metabolism of yeast produces gases like CO<sub>2</sub>
* Wait for a few weeks

By now, you should have a weak solution of ethanol, [[Methanol|methanol]] and other fermentation byproducts. How much of methanol you get will depend on the levels of pectin in your source mix. To get to concentrations useful outside of intoxication, a [[Distillation|distillation]] step is required. Be aware that simply distilling this solution will also concentrate the methanol. To separate it, take note of your distillation temperature and swap your target vessel at around 78°C. Around this temperature, distillation shoud also slow down and the temperature should be raising quite fast. Keep the temperature below 90°C to avoid large amounts of water in your distillation product.

You can quickly detect high levels of methanol by lighting a bit of your product on fire: While Ethanol should burn blue, Methanol will burn yellow. For a more precise test, mix a [[Sodium Dichromate|sodium dicromate]] solution into your product. If it smells pungent and irritating, methanol is present. <ref name="www.sciencing.com">https://www.sciencing.com/test-alcohol-methanol-8714279/</ref>

To get to disinfectant, the wash should be distilled to a purity of around 70% by volume. This is because Ethanol depends on water molecules for its antimicrobial properties. Distilling to a certain concentration without meters is difficult, but to approximately get to 70% ABV, you can try igniting a bit of your product. It should burn with a steady, blue flame. You should not have difficulties lighting it, but it also shouldn't burn quickly in a flash. For more exact measurements, use a [[Hydrometer]].

== Dependencies ==

* [[Carbon]]
* [[Hydrogen]]
* [[Oxygen]]
** '''Ethanol'''

== See also ==
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Ammonia]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Carbon dioxide]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Methane]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nitroglycerin]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sulfuric acid]]
* [[Water]]
* [[Chemical compounds]]
</div>

== References ==
{{wa|Ethanol}}

[[Category:Organic compounds]]

Ethanol

2025-05-08T23:16:07Z

Bloeckchengrafik: add a section about disinfectant and more distillation instructions

[[File:Ethanol-2D-flat.svg|thumb|250px|Chemical structure of ethanol]]

'''Ethanol''' is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic [[wine]]-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is naturally produced by the [[fermentation]] process of [[Sugar|sugars]] by [[Yeast|yeasts]] or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some [[Medicine|medications]], and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock.

== Crafting instructions ==

The simplest way to get ethanol is by fermentation:
* Take some watertight, closable vessel and fill it with a mixture of sugar and water. For sugar, you can use ripe fruits, honey or other natural [[Sugar|sugars]] like processed sugar cane or sugar beets.
* Add yeasts or yeast-rich substances (like unwashed fruit or vegetables)
* Close up the vessel while making sure air can escape since the metabolism of yeast produces gases like CO<sub>2</sub>
* Wait for a few weeks

By now, you should have a weak solution of ethanol, [[Methanol|methanol]] and other fermentation byproducts. How much of methanol you get will depend on the levels of pectin in your source mix. To get to concentrations useful outside of intoxication, a [[Distillation|distillation]] step is required. Be aware that simply distilling this solution will also concentrate the methanol. To separate it, take note of your distillation temperature and swap your target vessel at around 78°C. Around this temperature, distillation shoud also slow down and the temperature should be raising quite fast. Keep the temperature below 90°C to avoid large amounts of water in your distillation product.

You can quickly detect high levels of methanol by lighting a bit of your product on fire: While Ethanol should burn blue, Methanol will burn yellow. For a more precise test, mix a [[Sodium Dichromate|sodium dicromate]] solution into your product. If it smells pungent and irritating, methanol is present. <ref name="www.sciencing.com">https://www.sciencing.com/test-alcohol-methanol-8714279/</ref>

To get to disinfectant, the wash should be distilled to a purity of around 70% by volume. This is because Ethanol depends on water molecules for its antimicrobial properties. Distilling to a certain concentration without meters is difficult, but to approximately get to 70% ABV, you can try igniting a bit of your product. It should burn with a steady, blue flame. You should not have difficulties lighting it, but it also shouldn't burn quickly in a flash. For more exact measurements, use a [[Hydrometer]].

== Dependencies ==

* [[Carbon]]
* [[Hydrogen]]
* [[Oxygen]]
** '''Ethanol'''

== See also ==
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Ammonia]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Carbon dioxide]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Methane]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nitroglycerin]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sulfuric acid]]
* [[Water]]
* [[Chemical compounds]]
</div>

== References ==
{{wa|Ethanol}}

[[Category:Organic compounds]]

Soap

2025-05-08T15:22:38Z

Bloeckchengrafik: Add Food and Health category

[[File:Handmade soap cropped and simplified.jpg|thumb|A handmade bar of soap]]
'''Soap''' is a [[Chemical compounds|chemical compound]] used for cleaning. It is a salt of a fatty acid produced by mixing fats or oils with a base. This process, called [[wikipedia:Saponification|saponification]], cleaves esters into alcohols and salts (the soap). Soaps main use is in its ability to act as an emulsifier between oils and water. Soap molecules have one lipophilic (fat-attracting) end and one hydrophilic (water-attracting) side, allowing dirt and oils to be captured by tiny bubbles called [[wikipedia:Micelle|micelles]] and subsequently washed away. Soaps ability to remove toxins and pathogens from skin or surfaces have made it a vital tools in preventing diesase.

== Materials needed ==

* An '''[[oil]]''', commonly animal fat or a vegetable oil.
* a '''base''', commonly [[lye]] (sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide)
* '''[[water]]'''

== Crafting instructions ==
''Note: Due to the corrosive nature of lye, this should only be done in a well-ventilated area with proper personal protection equipment.''
[[File:Phospholipids aqueous solution structures.svg|thumb|Micelle structure]]
Exact measurements vary by recipe and oil used.

# Pour the lye into water and stir. This process is exothermic. Do not pour the water into the lye.
# Melt the oils on low heat.
# When both solutions are about 100-120°F (about 40-50°C), mix the two together
## Optional: Cook the soap on low heat for 1-1.5 hours. This reduces setting time
## Optional: Add fragrances or colorants to preference
# Place the soap in a mold. Remove and cut after 24 hours
# Let sit for 1-2 weeks if cooked, 6-7 weeks if not. While the soap is usable during this period, it is not completely saponified. To test if soap is saponified, attempt to lather.

== Uses ==
Soap removes dirt from surfaces, skin, clothing dishware, silverware, and more, greatly reducing the chance of contracting an illness. soap also reduces body odor.

[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
[[Category:Food and Health]]

Ethanol

2025-05-08T14:59:38Z

Bloeckchengrafik: fix reference link for sodium dicromate test

[[File:Ethanol-2D-flat.svg|thumb|250px|Chemical structure of ethanol]]

'''Ethanol''' is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic [[wine]]-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is naturally produced by the [[fermentation]] process of [[Sugar|sugars]] by [[Yeast|yeasts]] or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some [[Medicine|medications]], and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock.

== Crafting instructions ==

The simplest way to get ethanol is by fermentation:
* Take a vessel and fill it with a mixture of sugars and water
* Add yeasts or yeast-rich substances (like unwashed fruit or vegetables)
* Close up the vessel while making sure air can escape since the metabolism of yeast produces gases like CO<sub>2</sub>
* Wait for a few weeks

By now, you should have a weak solution of ethanol, [[Methanol|methanol]] and other fermentation byproducts. How much of methanol you get will depend on the levels of pectin in your source mix. To get to concentrations useful outside of intoxication, a [[Distillation|distillation]] step is required. Be aware that simply distilling this solution will also concentrate the methanol. To separate it, take note of your distillation temperature and swap your target vessel at around 78°C. Keep your temperature below 90°C to avoid large amounts of water in your distillation product.

You can quickly detect high levels of methanol by lighting a bit of your product on fire: While Ethanol should burn blue, Methanol will burn yellow. Note that for a more precise test, mix a [[Sodium Dichromate|sodium dicromate]] solution into your product. If it smells pungent and irritating, methanol is present. <ref name="www.sciencing.com">https://www.sciencing.com/test-alcohol-methanol-8714279/</ref>

== Dependencies ==

* [[Carbon]]
* [[Hydrogen]]
* [[Oxygen]]
** '''Ethanol'''

== See also ==
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Ammonia]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Carbon dioxide]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Methane]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nitroglycerin]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sulfuric acid]]
* [[Water]]
* [[Chemical compounds]]
</div>

== References ==
{{wa|Ethanol}}

[[Category:Organic compounds]]

Ethanol

2025-05-08T14:56:23Z

Bloeckchengrafik: Add crafting instructions for ethanol using fermentation and distillation

[[File:Ethanol-2D-flat.svg|thumb|250px|Chemical structure of ethanol]]

'''Ethanol''' is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic [[wine]]-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is naturally produced by the [[fermentation]] process of [[Sugar|sugars]] by [[Yeast|yeasts]] or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some [[Medicine|medications]], and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock.

== Crafting instructions ==

The simplest way to get ethanol is by fermentation:
* Take a vessel and fill it with a mixture of sugars and water
* Add yeasts or yeast-rich substances (like unwashed fruit or vegetables)
* Close up the vessel while making sure air can escape since the metabolism of yeast produces gases like CO<sub>2</sub>
* Wait for a few weeks

By now, you should have a weak solution of ethanol, [[Methanol|methanol]] and other fermentation byproducts. How much of methanol you get will depend on the levels of pectin in your source mix. To get to concentrations useful outside of intoxication, a [[Distillation|distillation]] step is required. Be aware that simply distilling this solution will also concentrate the methanol. To separate it, take note of your distillation temperature and swap your target vessel at around 78°C. Keep your temperature below 90°C to avoid large amounts of water in your distillation product.

You can quickly detect high levels of methanol by lighting a bit of your product on fire: While Ethanol should burn blue, Methanol will burn yellow. Note that for a more precise test, mix a [[Sodium Dichromate|sodium dicromate]] solution into your product. If it smells pungent and irritating, methanol is present. <ref name="www.sciencing.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencing.com/test-alcohol-methanol-8714279/|title=How To Test If Alcohol Has Methanol|website=www.sciencing.com|access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref>

== Dependencies ==

* [[Carbon]]
* [[Hydrogen]]
* [[Oxygen]]
** '''Ethanol'''

== See also ==
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Ammonia]]
* [[Boric acid]]
* [[Carbon dioxide]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Methane]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Nitric acid]]
* [[Nitroglycerin]]
* [[Saltpeter]]
* [[Sulfuric acid]]
* [[Water]]
* [[Chemical compounds]]
</div>

== References ==
{{wa|Ethanol}}

[[Category:Organic compounds]]

Sugar

2025-05-08T14:16:10Z

Bloeckchengrafik: fixed format in top section

[[File:Sucre blanc cassonade complet rapadura.jpg|thumb|250px|Sugars (clockwise from top-left): white refined, unrefined, unprocessed cane and brown]]

'''Sugar''' is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in [[food]]. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or double sugars, are molecules made of two bonded monosaccharides; common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. White sugar is a refined form of sucrose. In the body, compound sugars are hydrolysed into simple sugars.

== Uses ==
Some [[food preservation]] processes that involve sugaring. Preserving fruit by turning it into jam, for instance, includes sugaring to prevent [[bacteria]] re-growth.

Sucrose is used in prepared foods (such as cookies and cakes), is sometimes added to commercially available processed food and beverages, and may be used as a sweetener for foods and beverages.

Mixing sugar with sodium chlorate and [[sulfuric acid]] generates an exothermic chemical reaction that can be used to start [[Fire|fires]].

== Production ==
Plants such as sugar cane and sugar beet are harvested, cleaned, pulped and crushed to extract as much of the juice as possible, it is then sulfutationed, and mixed with lye to make it alkaline and yellow. The impurities are then filtered and boiled in vats, further concentrating and separating contamination from the mixture, which is further mixed with fructose and vacuum boiled to crystalize it and put into a centrifuge that separates the molasses from the sugar that is then spin dried.

== Dependencies ==

* '''Sugar'''
** [[Food preservation]]
* Sodium chlorate
* [[Sulfuric acid]]
** [[Fire]]
* [[Food]]

== See also ==
* [[Farming]]

== References ==
{{wa|Sugar}}
{{wa|Fire}}

[[Category:Food]]
[[Category:Processed materials]]